138 ODOROGRAPHIA. 



root large, perennial, all quite smooth ; leaves mostly radical, long- 

 petioled, bipinnate ; leaflets trilobate ; lobes large, rounded ; 

 margins crenate-serrate, shining on both sides ; cauline leaves 1-2, 

 biternate; stem round, smooth, striated, involucre and involucel 

 leaves oblong or obovate, obtuse, partial rays numerous, many 

 flowered ; flowers yellow ; fruit large, broadly elliptical, varying in 

 size, the largest are | of an inch long and f broad ; foliaceous, 

 convex in the middle, with a dilated border, consisting of coarse 

 cellular tissue ; colour reddish-yellow over the seed, margin pale 

 yellow ; dorsal ridges seven, the three central filiform ; vittse in 

 dorsal furrows 10 to 13 ; vitt?e of commissure 6. The fruit has a 

 "powerful lemon odour with a soupcon of carrot. 



As regards the chemical constitution of the fruit, the authors of 

 the " Pharmacographia Indica " report as follows : — Twenty-five 

 pounds of the fruit distilled with water yielded 6 fluid ounces of a 

 light yellow essential oil having the odour of the fruit ; it was 

 dextrogyre, a column of 100 m. m., rotating 36 degrees. The sp. 

 gr. at 15^-5 C, was -9008. Cooled to —14^ C, it was still liquid 

 and no crystals separated. After dehydration, the oil commenced 

 to boil at 76^ C, the temperature rapidly rose to 100^ C. when a 

 few drops distilled over ; the temperature continued to rise rapidly 

 to 185^ C. ; up to this temperature 2 per cent, had distilled over. 

 The subsequent progress of the distillation is tabulated as 

 follows : — 



The residue left in the flask boiled constantly at the last 

 recorded temperature and amounted to 26 per cent. The fractions 

 up to the 6th were colourless, those below of a yellow colour. 

 The residue in the flask was viscid and of a deep yellow tint. 

 Treated with reagents, the oil in its original state (the crude oil), 

 afforded the followino; reactions : — 



