AXISE. 161 



know it by this name. The Bombay name "Ervados" is a corruption 

 of the Portuguese " Herba doce." Modeen Sheriff states that the 

 seeds of Carum Roxbiirgianum are sold in Southern India as 

 Anisum. 



Anise is now grown in Xorthern India. As met with on the 

 market, Dr. Dymock says the fruit varies a good deal in size ; if 

 well grown it should be about 2-tenths of an inch long. The 

 mericarps often adhere together with the pedicel attached, forming 

 an ovoid body crowned by a pair of styles. Each fruit has 10 

 ridges and is covered with short hairs. The vittse, which contain 

 the essential oil, are very numerous, each mericarp being provided 

 with about 15. The value of Anise at Bombay is Es. 5 to Es. G 

 per Surat maund of 37| pounds. 



The fruits of both the Star anise and Piinpinella anisum are 

 imported very largely into Europe ; the shipments from Eussia of 

 the last-named were formerly enormous. The principal distilleries 

 of this oil are in Germany. Besides the large consumption of 

 Anise in the East and in Eussia, a large quantity of the essential 

 oil is required by France for the manufacture of such liqueurs as 

 Eatafia d'Anis, Absinthe, Anisette, Eau de vie d'Hendaye, Eau 

 verte stomachique, &c. ; in Germany, for the preparation of 

 Anisette, Absinthe, Pfeffermiinz-liqueur, Eoscan aromatique, 

 Kalmus liqueur, &c. ; in Italy, for Eosolio di Torino ; and in 

 England, for Usquebaugh. The European consumption has, 

 however, considerably declined during the last few years. This is 

 indicated by the falling off in the exports from Eussia ; thus 



In 1886 shipments amounted to 2195 tons from port of Libau. 



„ 1887 



„ 1888 „ „ 



„ 1889 



„ 1890 



„ 1891 



„ 1892 



„ 1892 



In Spain, the principal consuming market, the consumption of 

 brandy, and with it that of Anise oil, have been reduced in the 

 course of a few years, as a result of the high spirit-duty, to an 

 almost incredible extent. In Austria, which, next to Spain, was 

 the largest buyer of Anise oil, the public taste has undergone a 



M 



