TODDALIA. 195 



unarmed ; leaflets obovate, acuminated. ISTative of the 

 East Indies. 

 Messrs. Schimmel & Co. examined a sample of oil from the 

 leaves of T. aculeata, supplied by Mr. Hooper (Quinologist to the 

 Government of Madras), and report on it as follows (Bericht., 

 April, 1893) : — " The oil is of thin consistency and pleasant odour, 

 resembling at once that of Lemon-grass and Basilicum. Exami- 

 nation showed it to contain considerable proportions of citronella- 

 aldehyde (citronellone), and along with this it contains an 

 alcoholic principle which boils at over 200"^ C. A closer 

 examination was rendered impossible through want of material." 

 Other species of Toddcdia are : — 



T. angustifolia (Lam. ill., iS'o. 2759). Branches unarmed, 

 pubescent ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, shining, veined 

 beneath ; racemes lateral, shorter than the leaves. 

 Elowers white. Native of the Mauritius and the East 

 Indies. 

 T. Megapotamica (Scopolia Megapotamica, Spreng, Syst., app. 

 p. 91). Unarmed; leaflets lanceolate, abruptly acumin- 

 ated, quite entire, opaque, smooth ; panicles, axillary, 

 divaricating. Flowers white, i^ative of Brazil, at Eio 

 Grande. 

 T. Venosa (Scopolia venosa, Spreng, Syst. app., p. 91). 

 Leaflets spatulately lanceolate, quite smooth, shinino- 

 above, veined beneath ; branches warted ; branchlets 

 smooth; racemes axillary. Native of Brazil, at Eio 

 Grande. 

 An oil with a peculiar pleasant odour, reminding of lemon, is 

 distilled from the crushed fruit of Xanthoxylon piperitum D.C, 

 " Japan Pepper," called in Japanese " Sansho." This fruit forms 

 part of the powdered mixture of seven spices known in Japan as 

 " Nana iro togarashi," wdiich, literally interpreted, signifies " seven 

 sorts of cayenne pepper." The other ingredients are cayenne 

 pepper, orange peel, sesame seeds, black pepper, poppy and hemp 

 seeds. 



The essential oil was prepared and examined by Stenhouse in 

 1857, who confined his work to the determination of a terpene 

 boiling at 162^ C. {Xanthoxylene) and a crystalline body, C\o H,. 0^, 

 to which he gave the name Xanthoxylin. More recent investic»-a- 



