SPIKEXAED AND VALEKIAX. 285 



Diethylvaleral, C, H^q (Co H.)^ 0.. According to Alsberg 

 this is prepared by lieating 1 volume of valeral with 4 volumes of 

 alcohol and 1 volume of acetic acid. It is slightly soluble in 

 water, and has a pleasant fruity odour. Its sp. gr. is O'Soo at 

 12^ C. Boiling point ir)8'''*-2. 



Dimcthylvaleral, C. Ji^^^{Qll.S).^ 0.,. It is prepared by heating 

 1 volume of valeral, 2*5 volumes methyl alcohol and 0-5 volume 

 acetic acid. It has an agreeable odour. Its sp. gr. is 0-852 at 10"^, 

 and boiling point 124^. 



Ethyl valerianate, C. H^ Cj Hy O2, is a fragrant, volatile liquid, 

 lighter than water, having a high boiling point and a rich, fruity 

 odour, said to closely resemble that of the butyric ether, or pine- 

 apple. It is prepared by passing dry hydrochloric acid gas into 

 an alcoholic solution of valerianic acid. It is used for flavourino- 

 purposes. It can also be prepared by distilling 8 parts of 

 valerianate of soda with 10 parts of 88 per cent, alcohol and 5 

 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid. Water is added to the 

 distillate in order to separate the ethyl valerianate, which floats 

 on its surface as an oil. This product is washed in a solution of 

 carl;)onate of soda in pure water, then dried over chloride of calcium 

 and rectified, collecting only the portion distilling at 133 C.^ 

 It is a very limpid oil of sp. gr. 0'894 at 1 3 C.^ 



The odour of apples has been noticed in the leaves and green 

 parts of certain species of Hosa, such as B. ruhiyinosa (sweet-briar) 

 (series i., p. 23), but its nature has not been studied. 



A peculiar fruity, apple-like odour is noticed in the juice of the 

 leaves of Clerodcnclron inerme, Gccrtn., Fruct., i., t. 57, f. i. : liheede 

 Hort. Mai., v., t. 49 : a straggling bush of 3 to 7 feet in height, 

 native of India and Ceylon, in localities near the sea. The common 

 name in Hindustanee is Sangkupi and Chhoti-arni. It is the 

 GamUr-laut of Java, the Wcel-bu-rcenda of Ceylon, and the Savfu- 

 micn of Cochin-China. The shoots of this shrub are grey-pubescent. 

 Leaves opposite, rarely ternate, | to H in. long; when young, 

 somewhat grey -pubescent, base cuneate ; petiole |^ inch. Peduncles 

 J to Ih in., axillary, 3-7 lid. ; bractes ^V i^i-^ linear : pedicels l-J in., 

 calyx grey-puberulous or glabrate. Corolla white, tube | in., 

 glabrate ; lobes i in., oblong. Drupe J by J in., spongy, hardly 

 succulent, smooth, separating into four woody pyrenes. Or the 

 leaves may be mostly ternate or sublinear and larger. The drupe 

 also may vary in size. 



