FEEMEXT OILS. 363 



which acid tartrate of potassium had been added to prevent lactic 

 fermentation, and to approximate the liquid in composition to grape 

 must. No evidence was obtained in any case of the modification 

 of the ferment, but it was observed that in the nnmalted barley- 

 wort the fermentation was quite different from that taking place 

 in the formation of beer and that the fermented liquor had the 

 character of a true harlcy v:inc. This barley wine is described* 

 as being an agreeable beverage, giving upon analysis results that 

 point to it being more nourishing than grape wine, also by using 

 a large proportion of the cereal and the addition of saccharose to 

 the wort it has been produced containing 8 to 10 per cent, of 

 alcohol. 



Butyl alcohol, C^H^^ 0, or Tetryl alcohol of Wurtz,f was for a 

 long time the only butyl alcohol knowm to chemists. It has been 

 described as best prepared by subjecting the fusel oil obtained in 

 the rectification of mangold-wurzel molasses to fractional distilla- 

 tion ; the portions which distil over between 80^ and lOo"^, 105^ 

 and 115^, and 115^ and 125^, being collected apart. The first 

 portion is washed with water, and the separated oily layers 

 repeatedly rectified; the portion which passes over at 104^ being 

 each time collected apart. The latter is mixed with the portion 

 which distilled over between 105^ and 115^, and with that part 

 of the last fraction (between 115^ and 125*''^) which, when the 

 latter was repeatedly rectified, passed over below 115^. The 

 whole of the distillates obtained between 105^ and 115*^ are then 

 mixed together and boiled for 48 hours with a concentrated 

 solution of caustic potash in a vessel connected with a reflux 

 condenser. The impure tetrylic alcohol is then distilled over, 

 separated from the water which passed over with it, afterwards 

 mixed with half its weight of quick-lime to dehydrate it more 

 completely, and distilled off' after standing for 24 hours ; this 

 distillate is repeatedly rectified, and the portion which passes over 

 between 108*^ and 110^ is collected apart. If the boiling point 

 remains within these limits during the distillation, the tetrylic 

 alcohol thus obtained is nearly pure. The process of rectification 

 may be considerably abridged by interposing between the flask 

 and the condensing apparatus, an upright tube w4th two bulbs and 



* Coinptes Rendus, cvi., p. 644. 

 t Coniptes Rend us, xxxv., p. 310. 



