442 ODortOGRAniiA. 



and was further cliaracterised by the derivative Pinene-iiitro- 

 benzjlamine of 122^^-123^ C. melting point. 



In genuine orange oil, natural Pinene only occurs in exceedingly 

 small quantities; this is evident from the extent of dextro-rotation, 

 wliich almost equals that of pure limonene. Having regard to the 

 low specific rotatory power of the oil examined, it may be taken 

 for granted that this specimen consisted of a mixture of orange oil 

 with at least 20 per cent, of turpentine oil. 



There exists, however, a more dangerous adulterant, viz., the so- 

 called "Aurancine," the residual product in the manufacture of 

 " concentrated " orange oils. 



The total exports of Sicilian and Calabrian essential oils in 1892 

 were as follows : — 



Exports from Messina 264,101 Kilos. 



Peggio 54,000 „ 



Catania 5,401 



„ Palermo 35,876 



Vol. L, r. 335. 



Camphor. Consular Peport (Xo. 1,260) states that ''the 

 average annual export of camphor fnjni Japan is about 5,000,000 

 lbs,, of which about one quarter reaches the United States, either 

 direct or rid Europe ; the remainder being taken by Europe, 

 excepting a small quantity sent to India. In 1892, the total 

 purchases by foreign dealers amounted to 1,713 tons, which is 

 below the business of an average year. Prices ruled in favour of 

 Japanese producers ; the lowest having been 35 dollars per picul 

 of 1334- lbs. in May, and the highest, 63 dollars in December. 

 These figures represent common crude camphor, which, during the 

 year has been doctored and adulterated worse than ever, in spite 



