446 ODORorntAi'iiiA. 



•dominating and amounting to a very high percentage. In 

 accordance with this fact, its sp. gr. is very low and its optical 

 rotation very high : in commercial samples (sold as " superfine oil 

 of pine needles "), the sp. gr. has been observed to Ije from O'So:') 

 to 0-862 and its rotatory pow^r — 57*^ to — 75^'. 



The oil obtained from the needles and young twigs of Abirs 

 Canadensis, Lin. (Hemlock Spruce Fir), in Xorth America was found 

 to have a sp. gr. of 0-907 at 15° C, and an optical rotation of 

 — 20° 54'. It contains hevo-pinene, sesquiterpine and as much as 

 36 per cent, of hevo-bornyl acetate. Oil prepared by the 

 investigators from fresh needles and branches of Picea mdfjaris, 

 Lk., had a sp. gr. of 0-888 and an optical rotation of — 21° 40'. It 

 contained hevo-pinene, hevo-pheHandrene, dipentene, hevo-bornyl 

 acetate (8-3 per cent.) and sesquiterpene. In the Austrian Alps, 

 the needles and l)ranches of Pinus Pumilio, Haenke (Mountain 

 Pine), are distilled on a large scale, and the oil obtained from them 

 is extensively used in soap-making and other purposes of perfumery. 

 A sample of this oil from the Pustestluil of sp. gr.0-865 and — 9° 

 rotation was found to contain hevo-pinene, h^evo-phellandrene, 

 sylvestrene, bornyl acetate (5 per cent.) and a little sesquiterpene. 



The oil produced in Sweden from the needles of Pinus syhcstris, 

 Lin. (Scotch Fir), was found to have a sp. gr. of 0*872 and a 

 rotation +10° 40', and to contain dextro-pinene, sylvestrene and 

 probably some bornyl acetate; 44 per cent, distilled at 160°-170°, 

 .and 40 per cent at 170°-185°. The oil obtained from the needles 

 oi this tree, growing in Germany, had a sp. gr. of 0-886 and a 

 rotation +10°. Its composition was similar to that of the 

 Swedish oil. 



The occurrence of sylvestrene in the oils of Pinus jmmilio and 

 Pinus sylvestris is interesting, as this terpene has hitherto been 

 noticed only in Swedish and Polish oils of turpentine. Its 

 presence in the Pine oils was proved beyond doubt by the forma- 

 tion of the typical hydrochlorate of 72° melting point.* 



The oil of Pinus picea (Silver Fir) is very similar in character 

 to the true Pine oil (from Picea vulgaris). Its sp. gr. is 0-875 and 

 its optical rotation — 58° 40'. 



Hirschsohnf has recently discovered bornyl-acetate in Siberian 

 Pine oil (from Abies Sibirica) and isolated it. 



* Scbimmel & Co., Bericlit, April, 1893. 



t Pliarm. Zeitschrift fiiv Russland, 1892, ^lo. 38. 



