I'lXE-XEEDLE OIL. 



447 



Flawitzky* examined oil of Finns Cemhra, Lin., and prepared 

 from it by repeated fractional distillation, a terpene of sp. gr. 

 0-861 at 18*-' C, and an optical rotation of + :38^-74 (100 m. m. tube). 

 By conversion into the hydrochlorate, melting at 125^, it was 

 ascertained to be dextro-pinene (be calls it dextro-terpene). Pure 

 pine oil only yields a small quantity of a constituent (Lasvo- 

 pinene) boiling below 170^ and leaves a considerable residue in 

 the retort boiling above 185^, which consists mostly of bornyl 

 acetate and other esters of bornyl: but as before observed, 

 decomposition commences at a temperature over 185^, and the 

 bornyl acetate present can only be distilled in vacuo or by the aid 

 of steam. (Bornyl acetate boils at 98^ at 10 m. m.). Besides this 

 body, IcTvo-limonene must also be considered as an important 

 constituent in pine oil. 



Even a simple distillation from a fractionating flask affords a 

 view of the differences between the coniferous oils coming into 

 commerce, as the following table shows : — 



Pure Pine Oils. 



ORIGIX.f 



FRACTION 



I 150^-170^ 



Tin us Vulriaris, Lk 

 Sp. gr. 0-9H3 

 Flotation —23'' 



Finns Ficea 

 Sp. gr. 0-875 

 Ivotation — 58° 40' 



Ahics Canadensis, Lk. 

 Sp. gr. 0-907. 

 Rotation —•20'' 54' 



Finns 7JZi??ii7io,Haenke 



Sp. gr. 0-865 

 Kotation — 9^ 



Ahies Ejxelsa, Lin. 

 (from the Cones) ... 



Sp. gr. 0-854 

 Kotation —Tr 40' 



17 per cent. 



F I? ACTION 



170^-185° 



residue. 



11 



33 per cent. 



|'55 ,". ll 

 • containing - 



[ limonene I j 

 37 per cent. I 



'0 per cent 



nib 



16 per cent. 



30 



p6 



- CO. 



containing - 



imonene I (no borneol) 



' Journ. fUr Pract. Chem., xlv,, p. 115. 



+ Sp. gr. is taken at 15° C. and at 100 in.ni. pressure The optical rotation 

 was observed in 100 m.m. tube. 



