105 
have found out for yourselves, even with the sharpest 
of eyes. 
Fig. 111 shows you the thick, fat, underground stem 
of the cyclamen. From its lower part 
grow the true roots. 
Next you have that of the crocus (Fig. 
112), while here to the right is that of the 
mood lily (Fig. 113): This is covered 
with underground leaves. 
All these stems are usually called roots. 
In the botanies such an underground stem 
as that of the Jack-in-the-pulpit (Fig. 114) : 
is named a “corm,” while one like that of Fic. 113 
the: Scrocus?-is: calléd) a7“ balbe 
(Fig. 112). All have a somewhat 
rounded shape. 
During our walks in the woods 
last fall, often we found the Solo- 
mon’s seal, and stopped to admire 
its curved stem, hung with blue 
berries. I hope one of you boys 
FIG. 114 
whipped out your _ pocketknife 
and dug into the earth till you found its underground 
stem (Fig. 115). This was laid lengthwise, its 
roots growing from its 
lower side. From its 
upper side, close to 
one end, sprang the 
growing plant. . But 
what causes those 
round, curious-looking scars ? 
