CUMBERLAND—BELL AND HARLAN COUNTIES. If 
the most massive and splendid white oak, often four feet in 
diameter and ninety feet high. Here there was less than one 
per cent. of Lzrzodendron (yellow poplar, so-called). On the 
northern exposure opposite, on the contrary, about thirty-five 
per cent. of the timber was massive Lzrzodendron, many trees 
of which were six and seven feet in diameter, with trunks 
sixty to eighty feet high. Here the white oak formed less 
than one per cent. Of course this is a very striking example, 
and it could not be said that difference of exposure every- 
where in these mountains produces such a marked effect upon 
the white oak. But altogether, my observations convinced 
me beyond a doubt that the white oak is not so hardy a tree 
as it is often supposed to be. 
There are not many valuable timbers in Eastern Kentucky 
which I have not already noticed in a former report on West- 
ern Kentucky timbers. Of course the black walnut, already 
noticed, and the black birch, of which there is a considerable 
quantity scattered through the Black and Brush Mountains, 
are the most valuable timbers. But, as in Western Ken- 
tucky, the people seem to attach very little importance to 
either. The Lzrzodendron is largely floated out every winter, 
as I mentioned before, for lumber. The white hickory and 
black and blue ash rank next in value; and they all abound, in 
the Black Mountain especially. Owing to the abundance of 
water-power, the accessibility, in large quantities, of these 
timbers, and their great demand in carriage-making, I see no 
reason why the near future should not see many spoke fac- 
tories, ax-handle and hammer-handle factories, and carriage 
factories, in this part of Kentucky. Already the eyes of 
some large carriage factories are turning toward these tim- 
bers, and they only need to be better known in order to 
‘become a good source of revenue to the people. The red 
maple, which is growing more and more into favor in cabinet 
work, also abounds in Bell and Harlan counties. The linden 
(Stlia Americana) is also found in large quantities through 
these mountains, and is very valuable in cabinet work, panel- 
ing, etc. The pines, especially the pitch pine (Pius rigzda) 
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