SECTION FROM THE, MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO POUND GAP. 7 
this statement should be made in the case of linden or bass- 
wood trees, a few of which skirt Muldraugh’s Hill farther to 
the west. (By Muldraugh’s Hill, is here meant the entire 
range of hills bordering the Bluegrass Region on the south.) 
About the vicinity of Big Hill the first pines (P. mzts) make 
their appearance. Nota single coniferous tree or bush, with 
the exception of the swamp cypress and a few small cedars 
in Northwestern Kentucky, is to be seen in the entire west- 
era part of the State. 
The pines first appear on the dry Waverly shales, extend- 
ing down to the foot-hills along the knobs about Big Hill, and 
are also found on the Conglomerate, capping the tops of the 
highest knobs in this region. Their entire absence in West- 
ern Kentucky, and their presence in Eastern Kentucky, can- 
not be due to difference of geological formation, for both 
Waverly and Conglomerate are found in the western part of 
the State. Nor can it be due merely to the height of the 
hills and mountains in Eastern Kentucky; for pines are often 
found here on hills much lower than many in Western Ken- 
tucky. In another place, and under its proper head, I shall 
give what I conceive to be the reason of this peculiar phe- 
nomenon in the growth and distribution of the pine in Ken- 
tucky. At present, I wish merely to call attention to the 
marked difference between the forest growths of the western 
and those of the eastern part of the State. 
In passing from the west to the east, the first hemlock trees 
(Adzes Canadensis) were found by Professor Shaler in a De- 
vonian shale ravine, about five miles north of Irvine, in Es- 
till county. Ina previous report on the timbers of the North 
Cumberland (Bell and Harlan counties), I called attention to: 
the fact that, in that part of the State, hemlock appeared only 
on coal measure formations, and was confined almost entirely 
to the Conglomerate. The finding of hemlock on Devonian 
shale, in Estill county, shows that in Kentucky, as in other 
States, that tree is not confined to particular formations. It 
should be said, however, that very little hemlock was found 
on this journey elsewhere than on coal-measures. 
TIM: 0-12" Uy 7 
