38 ON THE TIMBER LANDS TRAVERSED BY A 
pine (P. pungens) and the pitch pine (P. 7zgzda) are found on 
the dry, sandy bluffs and tops of the mountains; the long- 
leafed pine (7. falustvis) and the yellow pine extend further 
down on the mountain slopes. 
At Pound Gap we pass across from Kentucky into Virginia, 
and at the base of the mountain, on the Virginia side, flows 
Pound Creek. We follow this stream to Indian Creek, thence 
turn up Indian Creek to its head waters and across to Glades- 
ville. As soon as we pass Pine Mountain into Virginia, the 
hill-sides are covered with chinquapin (Castanea punta), not 
one of which has, so far as I could discover, crossed the 
mountain northward. The chinquapins do not extend up 
nearly to the top of Pine Mountain, and evidently the climate 
is too cold for them, and this mountain is their northern boun- 
dary. They are found in the greatest abundance all through 
the woods of Virginia, and southward. | 
The magnolias begin to die out after crossing Pine Moun- 
tain, though a few are found along shady ravines and on rich 
hill-sides in Virginia. The coal measures reappear again at 
a short distance from Pound Gap, on the Virginia side, and 
thence we pass onto the Conglomerate, which lasts nearly to 
Clinch river. There a fault of ten thousand feet, running 
along the line of Clinch river, brings up abruptly the Knox 
limestone, and between there and Abingdon, Virginia, a suc- 
cession of faults causes an almost constant alternation of the 
Cincinnati and Knox limestones. The forest timbers are not, 
upon the whole, so good as are those on the north side of 
Pine Mountain, in Kentucky; but they are everywhere valu- 
able, and there is no marked difference in kind, other than 
those noticed. 
TIMBER DISTRIBUTION AS AFFECTED BY HEIGHT ABOVE DRAINAGE, 
Although the data for this report have been prepared with 
special reference to a discussion of the effects of height above 
drainage upon timber growth, and, with that object in view, 
the following tables have been arranged, nevertheless it is 
necessary to point out some of the dangers of generalizing: 
208 
