"cO TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. II. 



some of the Iron is sometimes, not always or even generally, replaced 

 by Nickel. 



With regard to the mode of the occurrence of Nickel, there are several 

 types. Nickel minerals, as most others, shew a preference for certain 

 associations. One such is the occurrence of Nickel, Cobalt and Bismuth 

 in veins. Especially in this connection do we find Smaltine (Co Asg), 

 Linneite (Co 3 S^), Nickeline, Chloathite, Gersdorfite, Millerite. The 

 gangue matter is brownspar and ironspar, and this occurrence is 

 found in granitic schists, porphyry and gneiss (Northern Italy, Saxony). 



Another association is Nickel and Cobalt with Quartz. In the Ural 

 there is a vein over six feet wide in chlorite shales and serpentine, the 

 rock matter is quartz and chrysopras. In the cavities of the quartz is a 

 clay which contains lumps of Nickel Arsenate as large as apples. 



A third is Nickel, Cobalt and Silver with Carbonates (Dopschau 

 Hungary). One such occurrence is found in gabbro surrounded by clay- 

 slates, at the boundary of the gabbro and cla\-slates the veins are found. 

 The veins are compound and consist of rock with fine veins of ore 

 yielding about 20% Nickel. The carbonates with which it occurs are 

 ironspar, calcspar, brownspar (also Saxony and California). 



A fourth association is Cobalt, Nickel and Silver with Bar}'ta, also 

 Bismuth and Uranium. The Nickel occurs as Speiss Cobalt and Nickeline 

 ■chiefly and forms veins in cyrystalline slates. (Saxony, Bohemia.) 



The next association is that of the Silicates. Of the Silicates the New 

 Caledonia deposit is by far the most important, and is especially interest- 

 ing because there is strong reason to believe that we have here a genuine 

 case of lateral secretion ; that is, the Nickel was contained in the neighbor- 

 ing rock ; in this case, in the olivine probably as a Silicate. Now the Silicate 

 of Nickel is soluble in water, and still more soluble in water containing 

 Carbon dioxide. The rock matter on either side of the vein is decomposed 

 for a considerable distance, and it is believed that the Nickel has been 

 dissolved, carried by water through minute crevices to the vein and there 

 deposited. Other occurrences of Nickel as Silicate bear a marked resemb- 

 lance to this. I may mention in this connection an important find of 

 Nickel lately made in Germany, also a Silicate. The rock matter in this 

 case is a clay colored reddish by Iron Oxide and occurring in a zone of 

 decomposition of serpentine. The ore is formed exclusivel)' of Silicates. 

 Schuchardite, a soft green Silicate, predominates. 



The last occurrence I shall mention is Nickel in Magnetic Pyrites. 

 This occurrence is the most interesting to us, but has also been found in 

 many other places. In Norway the most important occurrence of Nickel 



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