1^90-91. J NOTES ON NICKEL. 81 



is near the town of Lillehammer. The region consists of gabbro and 

 Amphibolite, and the ores are Magnetic Pyrites with 2 to 3%.Ni and Lille- 

 hammerite with 22/^ Ni. 



/o 



Also in Black Forest, Germany, occurring in gneiss rock, and Rooras 

 in Norway. Here the ore only contains 0*25% Nickel. Also at Tunaberg, 

 in Sweden, where a limestone containing Magnetic Pyrites and Copper 

 Ore occurs in gneiss. These are all in crystalline slates. 



In the massive rocks we have another occurrence at St. Anthony's 

 Nose, in New York, in syenite. One such deposit is 45 feet in width ; the 

 Magnetic Pyrites contains 3% Nickel. One occurrence in Diorite is at Val 

 Sezia, in Italy. It has been observed that hornblende bronzite and 

 olivin seem to be favorable to the occurrence of Nickel. 



METALLURGY. 



The metallurgy of Nickel is comparatively young, so far as the Euro- 

 pean nations are concerned ; but Nickel was known to the Chinese, and 

 had been employed by them from remote times. In 1776 Engestrom 

 drew attention to Nickel. He found on analysing the alloy called Pack- 

 fong, of which various implements brought from China were made, that 

 it contained Nickel as an essential component, and Nickel had probably 

 been employed in China for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years, for 

 Baktrian coins, bearing the inscription of King Euthodymus, who lived 

 about 200 B.C., are found to have almost the identical composition of the 

 nickel coins of the present day. 



The history of nickel in Europe begins with the fruitless efforts of 

 German miners to produce Copper out of a Nickel mineral, which from its 

 appearance they thought must contain Copper. As their efforts were 

 unsuccessful, true to nature, they abused the mineral and called it Kup- 

 fernickel or Copper-devil, a name which it retains to the present day. 

 This mineral was, up to the middle of the i8th century, considered as 

 partly a Copper compound, from the green color of its solution, and 

 partly as a Cobalt ore from the blue color which it imparts to glass 

 fluxes, due to Cobalt contained in the ore. It was not till 175 1 that 

 Cronstedt shewed that there was no Copper in this mineral, and explained 

 the true nature of Nickel. He also shewed that the Speiss, which 

 remained in the manufacture of Cobalt blue, was essentially Nickel and 

 not, according to the belief of that time, a burnt Cobalt that had lost his 

 soul. 



Cronstedt's view met with much opposition, Bergmann in 1775, misled 

 by the magnetic property of Nickel, said that Cronstedt had the 



