1890-91. J NOTES ON NICKEL. 83 



tures, even in moist air; in the presence of a^ids it rusts, although not so 

 much as iron. It is only slightly attacked by cold acids, except dilute 

 nitric. The molten alkalies also do not attack it. Here are analyses of 

 some of the alloys of Nickel, also of the Nickel coins. Experiments 

 made to protect Iron from rust by alloying it with Nickel have shewn 

 that the alloy rusts as easily as Iron, and it is not till the alloy contains 

 .37 per cent Ni. that the Nickel makes its influence felt. 



Various impurities exercise a great influence on the physical proper- 

 ties of Nickel. Of these, Iron, Arsenic, Sulphur, Silicum and the oxides 

 have the greatest influence on the brittleness of Nickel, Arsenic and 

 Sulphur when . i per cent is present make Nickel cold short. 



Oxygen present as Nickel Oxide to the amount of 0.304 per cent, 

 makes castings brittle. Malleable castings are found to contain not more 

 than 0.084. 



Silicum, which is taken up when Oxide of Nickel is smelted in presence 

 of Quartz and Charcoal, shews its influence when present in very small 

 quantities. 



Phosphorus, up to 0.30 per cent., increases the hardness at the ex- 

 pense of the malleability. 



Chlorine is always found in Nickel prepared in the wet way when 

 chlorides are present. Such Nickel cannot be rolled. 



ALLOYS. 



Copper. Zinc. Nickel. Iron. Silver. 



Packfong (China) 40-4 25*4 31-6 2-6 — 



German Silver (Sheffield) .. 63*4 i/'Oi 19*13 — — 



German Silver (Germany)... 54-0 28'o i8*o — — 



Silverine 71-79 i-7"5 16-16-$ i-i'S — 



Argent de Mousset (Paris) 59'o6 9*57 3-42 — 27'56 



COINS. 



Copper. Nickel. Zinc. 



Switzerland — 100 — 



United States 75 25 — 



Brazil 75 25 



Venezuela 75 25 — 



Germany 75 25 — 



Belgium 75 25 — 



Chili 70 20 10 



