1890-91.] BONE CAVHS. 117 



spears, knives, scrapers, drills, axes, borers, pottery, almost identical in 

 shape and size with the European specimens described by the dis- 

 tinguished men above quoted. Even to the ornaments on the bowls 

 this similarity extends. The European manufacture was perhaps a little 

 further advanced. Our whole system of Natural History belonging, 

 indeed, to a somewhat older period than that of Europe, it is not to be 

 wondered at that our indigenous men should have been of a somewhat 

 more primitive type, so that when they came into contact with the 

 European, our aborigines should be inferior in the struggle. 



But this striking similarity, extending even to habits and customs, 

 e. g., the cracking of bones for their marrow, the wearing of orna- 

 ments of shell, the mixing of red paint for the body, the burning 

 of pottery in the open fire, must surely go further, and one is led 

 to ask if the savants of Europe are justified in applying to these 

 prehistoric people — palaeolithic or neolithic ; Mousterian, Solutrean, 

 Magdalenian, Robenhausian or others — the general designation of 

 Troglodytes. It is certainly hard to understand with what justice Mr. 

 Caravin Cachin should call the gentleman who is said to have heated flints 

 in fire until some splinters flew off", and then to have further, by knock- 

 ing off some pieces, made them into cutting implements, an Anthropo- 

 pithecus. As for the form cTf the skulls which have been found, it seems 

 now well established that those which appear to be of palaeolithic date 

 are long, those of neolithic date a good deal mixed, but usually short ; 

 the former being somewhat the larger in cubic contents. People have 

 been led astray and are yet held captive by the old poets, by old 

 legends or traditions, telling of antrcs vast and the ogres which lived in 

 them. On reflection one must perceive that Europe was inhabited in 

 prehistoric times by a population at least as numerous as was America 

 at the time of its discovery, say by millions, and that this population 

 was in places agricultural, in others pastoral, in others depending 

 principally on the chase; just as we find the Indians to have been here. 

 Those tribes had their wars, feuds like those which existed among our 

 Indians, and they must occasionally have had great chiefs, who would 

 extend their sway over large areas, as some Indian races did, and some 

 of their European successors do to this day. Perhaps incursions would 

 be made by migrating tribes from one land to another, from Asia or 

 from Scythia, as has often been the case in historic times. It seems 

 certain, from the intimate analogy between the aborigines of Europe 

 and of America, that there were considerable movements of population 

 there, every few centuries ; race succeeding race, for thousands of years. 

 This view is confirmed by the differences of the types of skull — the 

 long heads or more primitive people having been displaced by sue- 



