1890-91. I A CONSIDERATION qF SEWERAGE SCHEMES. 143 



A CONSIDERATION OF SEWERAGE SCHEMES. 



By L. J. Clark. 



(Read yth MarcJi, i8gi.) 



The title of my paper will lead me to consider the subject under three 

 heads. 



I. A general survey of the position of sewage affairs in various parts 

 of the world, particularly in England and Germany. 



II. An elucidation of a gravity scheme for Toronto ; and 



III. Some general defects in sewerage works, and also some weak 

 points in the scheme at present before the city, if time will permit. 



A member of the Institute placed in my hands a work on Sewage 

 Disposal, by W. Santo Crimp, assistant engineer of the London County 

 Council, England, with the remark that my tastes ran more in that line 

 than his, and that I might extract something from it that would be of 

 interest to at least some of the members of our society. I have found 

 the book to be one of very great interest, as it contains the very latest 

 information on the subject, having been issued but a {&\w months. 



By adopting a schedule relating to the details of sewage disposal, he 

 is able to give the particulars of about forty towns and cities in England 

 in very little space. The information relates, under the head of Sewage 

 Treatment, i. To mode of disposal, viz., by precipitation, filtration, 

 irrigation, and direct discharge into large bodies of water. 2. To 

 chemicals used, such as lime, alumino ferric or sulphate of alumina, &c. 

 3. Annual production of sludge in tons. 4. Disposal of sludge. 5. 

 Tanks, precipitating, continuous or intermittent. 6. Acreage of land 

 used. 7. Years in operation. 8. Closets, whether water closets, pails, 

 privies, or ashpits. 9. Sewage flow every twenty-four hours. 10. 

 Gallons per head. 1 1. Disposal of manufacturing waste. 



Of course all these questions are not fully answered in every case ; 

 for instance under the head of Disposal of Sludge, twenty-four answers 

 only are given, as follows : — Given away, 5. Dug into the ground, 5. 

 Sold, 12. Burnt in destructors, i. Pay for removal, i. 



This throws considerable light on the subject of utilization of sludge 

 for manurial purposes. Many look upon the discharge of crude sewage 

 into large rivers or other bodies of water as being an inexcusable waste ; 



