204 TBANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. II. 



memory with Guizot's history, who says that the early Phoenician settle- 

 ment was taken over by the Rhodians, whose city Rhodanecia or Rhoda 

 may have given its name to the Rhodanus (the Rhone). They, however, 

 did not keep it, and room was left for Euxenes, a travelling adventurer 

 from Phocea, a Hellenic town of Asia Minor. Nann, the local Gallic 

 chief, coming to meet him on the shore, invited him to festivities connected 

 with the wedding of his daughter Gyptia. This damsel, using a privilege 

 which is said still to obtain in some neighboring regions, carried a cup of 

 wine to Euxenes, to express her preference for him. Of course the 

 Phocean hero married her, receiving with her as a dowry the site of 

 Marseilles and some neighboring cantons. No wonder he called his wite 

 Aristoxena (best of hostesses). While he stayed to build a city, which he 

 called Massilia, he sent his fleet away for a relay of colonists, who came 

 next year, bringing not only the vines and olives of their native land, but 

 also a statue of Diana which they reverently fetched from Ephesus ; also 

 a priestess Aristarche, skilled in the necessary rites. This was in 600 

 before Christ. When, sixty years later, (B. C. 542) Cyrus the Persian 

 reduced the Asiatic Greeks into subjection, the Phoceans left him their 

 empty houses, migrating in their ships, with all their property. A large 

 number went to Massilia; another considerable band tarried in Corsica 

 for a time, then joined their predecessors. These re-inforcements added 

 much to the power of the young state, which had already been conqueror 

 in combats with the Gauls. It grew in trade and influence, and threw off 

 sub-colonies to Monoecus (Monaco), Nicoea (Nice), Agatha (Agde), Anti- 

 polis (Antibes), Emporioe (Ampurias, in Catalonia). Filled with Greek 

 merchants were also the Gallic towns Cabellio (Cavaillon), Avenio (Avig- 

 non), Arelate (Aries) and others. Massilia was active, too, in intellectual 

 pursuits; her grammarians revised and annotated Homer's poems; her 

 travellers, Euthymenes and Pytheas, in the latter half of the 4th century 

 B. C, respectively cruised along the west coast of Africa and the coasts 

 of the Black Sea; perhaps even reaching the Baltic. Now I have not 

 been able to find the original of Guizot's pretty story, which seems to me 

 as apocryphal as Virgil's tales about .^tneas and Dido.* But there is 

 ample historical evidence of the evacuation of Phocoea and of the Greek 

 colonization of Marseilles. Herodotus, (Clio. chap. 163) gives the particu- 

 lars of the fall of Phocoea. He recounts that Harpagus, having received the 

 command of the army of Cyrus, sat down to besiege this Ionian city. ''Now 



* Prof. Maurice Hutton favors me with the following note on this subject : — "According to 

 Aristotle (quoted in Athenaeus XIII., Chap. 36, p. 576) Euxenus marries Petta, and founds, 

 or joins in founding, Marseilles. According to Justin (quoting from Trogus Pompaeus) XLIII., 

 3, Euxenus marries Cyptis ; this appears to be the version to which you refer. The father's 

 name is given as Nannus or Nanus in both versions. Nothing is said by Aristotle of a gift of 

 land for dowry." 



