206 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. II. 



the Viennese." Seneca (confounding Phocoea with Phocis) (ad Helv. VIII. 

 I.) says: "Leaving Phocis the Greeks who now inhabit Massilia, first 

 settled in Corsica." In the Punic war time, MassiHa was ahvays friendly 

 to Rome, and to her people was granted a place amongst the Senators, 

 at the festivals of the Republic. In the Civil wars, it declared for Pompey ; 

 Caesar took it, and established a rival to it at Forum Julii (Frejus). Its 

 Greek speech, however, does not seem to have survived long; it was the 

 Romans' policy that all subject states should use the Latin tongue, and 

 none dared question Claudius' remark — " He is no Roman citizen who is 

 ignorant of the language of Rome." 



I was told that near the water, at Marseilles, there now begins to be a 

 little infusion of Arab blood, which gives a warmth of umber, or perhaps 

 I should say olive, to the otherwise beautifully fair skin. In the newer 

 parts of the great and growing city one sees the more commonplace 

 French type of recent arrivals from other parts of France. I cannot 

 think, however, that the fine Greek strain which has lasted 2,500 years, 

 so purely, will rapidly be absorbed and lost ; it must rather continue to 

 imprint its strong heredity on the people of Marseilles for centuries to 

 come. 



THE CELT IN WALES. 



I began with the Celt in Brittany. I will end with the Celt in South 

 Wales. 



It is the fashion to pronounce this Kelt, as we hear Cicero called 

 Kikero, but I again protest against the mannerism. Nothing could be 

 more useful to philosophy and interesting to all students of languages 

 and history than to fix upon the phonetic equivalents of the consonants 

 and vowels of ancient Greek and Latin, nor do I think it impossible, but 

 that serious study which it deserves has not yet been given to the subject, 

 which must be attacked by those who have first learned the common 

 speech of the still isolated populations of France, Italy, Greece, and the 

 regions around the Carpathians and the Balkans, where traces of the 

 ancient sounds may reasonably be supposed to linger. The C if not 

 pronounced as in modern Italian, may have had more the value of Ts, or 

 perhaps of a guttural-aspirate, or aspirated-guttural. 



I do not feel qualified to enter into the controversy as to how far the 

 Southern Welsh or South-western Irish are of Iberian or Basque 

 stock ; how indeed they are correlated with the Celt-Iberians or Portu- 

 guese. I shall deal with them as Celts proper, of that wonderful old 

 race, or agglomeration of prehistoric races, which has left its traces in 

 many parts of Europe, and is making its last stand for individuality in 

 the British Isles. 



