1890-91.] IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTION IN ONTARIO. 305 



The following analysis shows the grade of ore produced from this range. 



Total output of range to 1888 was 8,547,126 tons. 



Three mines in this district, the " Chapin," the " Norway " and the 

 •" Vulcan " have produced nearly four milh'on tons of ore since opened. 

 The former mine has averaged nearly 200,000 tons a year since it was 

 opened and in 1887 exceeded an output of 300,000 tons. I visited this 

 mine and was much struck with the magnificent machinery. The hoist- 

 ing engines for example have 30" and 60" double cylinders acting direct 

 on two conical wrought iron drums of an average diameter of 12^ feet. 

 The chief feature, however, about the machinery in connection with 

 this mine, and other smaller mines operating at Iron Mountain, is the 

 fact that all under-ground power, for pumps, motive power, drills, etc., is 

 suppHed by compressed air from three miles off. The largest compress- 

 ing plant ever built is situated at Ouinnesec Falls on the Menominee 

 River, 3 miles from Iron Mountain, driven by water power. This plant 

 consists of three pairs of 32" x 60" compressors, driven by three 

 independent vertical 48" inward flow turbines, and one pair 36" x 60" 

 compressors driven by a 54" turbine. The delivery of air through a 

 2 feet wrought iron pipe is stated to be 1,827,350 cubic feet of 60 lbs 

 pressure and 60° temperature per 24 hours. 



Full details of the mode of working adopted in the " Chapin " mine 

 (where a filling in process is adopted by waste or earth brought from the 

 surface to fill the space left in mining the ore) is to be found in a paper 

 by Mr. Per. Larsson, read before the American Institute of Mining 

 Engineers, and much other information of value is also given in the 

 paper. 



The ore occurs in lenses, of which three have been worked in this 

 mine. The main lens is 60 feet to 75 feet wide, and has a length of 

 ^ome 2,500 feet. The strike is with the strata N. 70 degrees VV. About 

 800 tons a day are mined, and 600 men employed. 



THE GOGEBIC IRON RANGE. 



The Gogebic Iron Range runs nearly parallel with the southern shore 

 of Lake Superior, and about 15 miles distant from it. It is about 3// to 



