308 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. II.. 



mines are large open cuts, but arrangements for deep mining are being 

 made. 



There are two ore ranges near Tower, the " Vermillion," which 

 is hematite, and further to the S.E. the " Messaba Range," which yields 

 chiefly magnetic ores. This latter range yields ore running from 50 to 

 60% metallic Iron, and 'Oi to "16 in Phosphorus. 



The Vermillion Range has been followed in a N.E. direction for 25 

 miles to Ely, where the "Chandler Mine" has been opened up. Of 

 this deposit Mr. H. S. Pickands says : " The vein has been proved for a 

 length of over 100 feet, and a depth of 90 feet, showing at every point 

 of test high quality Bessemer Ore." The analysis of the ore is Fe. 69 

 to 66 ; P. -01 to -03 ; Si. '8 to 4%. The deposit has been tested by drill 

 to 306 feet in depth. Between " Tower" and the "Chandler" Mine, in 

 about a straight line, the formation of country rock and Jasper is nearly 

 continuous; but although much exploration work has been done, no other 

 remarkably valuable deposit of ore has thus far been found. To the east 

 of the Chajidler the same may also probably be said. The formation 

 extends almost unbroken, in a north-easterly direction, to the Canadian 

 border, and shows ore at various points. A lean black ore outcrops for 

 miles in length and of great width, but as yet determined, its Metallic 

 Iron is not over 50°/-,, and Silica from 20 to 3o7c- 



CONTINUATION OF THE VERMILLION RANGE IN ONTARIO. 



In the vicinity of " Gun Flint " Lake and " North " Lake, on the 

 Canadian side, undoubtedly good magnetic ore has been found, analysing 

 Metallic Iron 687„, Phosphorus -028%. 



At other places on "Hunters' Island " and near "Knife" and "Bass- 

 wood " Lakes, good ore is also reported to have been found. There is 

 every reason to believe that this Iron bearing formation runs N.E. up as 

 far as the Kaministiquia River. To the west, at Attikokan Lake, there 

 is also said to be a very large deposit of a high grade Magnetic Iron ore, 



I have, I think, proved conclusively fron : the foregoing that, in order 

 to supply any reasonable demand for iron ore in the Province, it is merely 

 a question of exploration and mining development. I shall conclude by 

 making a {qw statements ; Firstly, on the alleged necessity of our iron 

 ore to the United States ; and, Secondly, on the advisability of smelting 

 our own iron in Canada, and particularly in Ontario, 



SUPPLY IN THE UNITED STATES. 



In the first place we have constantly been told that the iron ores of 

 the United States are becoming exhausted and that, therefore, they must 



