42 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. | VoL. TLL. 
analysis, both bacteriological and chemical, of a large number of samples 
of water, taken from the bay and from other points. The general ten- 
dency of the currents seemed to be controlled by the direction of the wind, 
although in some cases the undercurrent was found to be contrary to the 
wind and to the surface current. They mostly flow parallel to the coast 
line, that is north-east and south-west ; and he is of the opinion that if 
the sewage were discharged well out into the lake, to the east of the intake 
pipe, there would be no danger of contaminating the water supply of the 
city. The intake pipe is considered to be in the best possible location, 
as it is the nearest point where deep water can be reached: and the main 
thing is to carry the sewage beyond the range of the mouth of the pipe. 
Mr. Alan Macdougall read a paper on “ The Indian as an Artist.” He 
acknowledged the indefatigable labors of Mr. David Boyle in the cause 
of archxology and the generous liberality of the Provincial Government 
in aiding this branch of science by its annual grants. Referring to the 
Indians of this Province, he regretted the absence of any early writings 
from which one could learn anything of the technique of the Indians 
when the Jesuits laboured among them. Judging them by their pottery, 
there was reason to believe they must have had some alliance, ethno- 
logical or commercial, in early days with that interesting nation the 
Mound Builders. By numerous illustrations of their work, he pointed 
- out the beauty of form in their flint arrow heads, the stone chipped 
celts, and other implements, all of which contain the special angles which 
form the graceful lines of the Gothic arch and other proportions which 
grace many architectural designs. Passing on to the Pacific coast, a 
rapid review was given of the work of the Queen Charlotte Island 
Indians, for whom he claimed an Egyptian origin, as the basis of 
their art. Filtered through many vicissitudes of wanderings and 
comminglings with other nations, the origin of their art was lost ; 
but a hereditary instinct seemed to be left to them which gave them 
the skill requisite to produce the beautiful slate carvings which are 
undoubtedly entitled to rank as works of art. Assuming this to be the 
characteristic of the tribes, there seems to be sufficient authority to 
advance the theory that years ago, by trade if by no other means, the 
British Columbia Indians came under the influence of East Indian, and 
perhaps Japanese, art. Even in their grotesque carvings there are 
evidences of these influences. Referring to the famous totem poles, 
he illustrated through numerous photographs his belief that they were 
heraldic symbols, and expressed his belief that the Indians of this conti- 
nent are the remains of a civilization which has been the foster mother of 
Greek and Roman and all other art. 
