1891-92. | THE ABENAKIS OF SAINT JOHN RIVER. 197 
7th. The Oualastegouiaks, these resided on the River St. John; later 
they were called the Mouskouasoaks, Muskrats, because they lived like 
these animals on the banks of the river. The remains of this tribe and 
those of the Etchemins are now called Melecites. These Indians now 
occupy the greater part of New Brunswick, and it is with them that the 
writer has to do at present. 
Abbe Maurault gives the meaning of the word Malouidit as being 
those of Malo, which he says was the name given to the Metis among 
them, because the greater part of their fathers came from St. Malo. He 
also says that the Abenakis called the grain which was introduced among 
them by the French, Maloumenal, Malo grain. The early connection of 
the Abenakis with the English is shown by their word for king which is 
Kinzames, this evidently comes from that of King James, who ruled 
England from 1603-1625. This or a similar word is used for the name 
of Queen Victoria, as any one may learn by going into one of the 
Abenakis school houses, and asking the dusky little scholars who are very 
tractable and who excel much in writing. The chief settlement of the 
Abenakis on the St. John was at Augh-Pa-Hac, head of tide six miles 
above Fredericton, at the point where the still water meets the rapid. 
John Gyles, who was a prisoner among the’Abenakis from 1689 to 1608, 
was taken to this place. About the first of July 1881, the writer being 
desirous of visiting the vicinity of Augh-Pa-Hac, all traces of which have 
completely disappeared, engaged one of the most intelligent of the 
Abenakis to pole him to the place in his bark canoe. Noticing a good 
chance to land and have our dinner, we went ashore near a cold spring ; 
when the meal was finished, the Abenaki took out his pipe and enjoyed 
a good smoke. This made him more communicative than usual, for they 
are not a people who are fond of much talking. He said that “when 
the first white man came to St. Anne’s Point just above Fredericton, he 
found an Indian sitting on a bench in front of his wigwam ; the Indian 
motioned to the white man to be seated, and as the latter was taking his 
place on the bench the former out of respect moved a little away, then 
the white man moved nearer, until the poor Indian was pushed entirely 
from off the seat.” I asked him why his people liked the French better 
than the English; in reply he said that “ When the English took Quebec 
they promised to treat us Indians as well as the French did, but they 
never have and never will; the French lived among us, learned ovr 
language and gave us religion, they were just like ourselves ; this is why 
we thought so much of them.” After ascending the river for a mile or 
two more we came opposite the foot of what is now called Hart’s Island ; 
this the Abenaki said was formerly called Old Town by the Indians. 
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