Universities, Research and Brain Waste 11 



furnished detailed reports on 62 chemical factories. The largest of these 

 was the factory of the Bayer Company, at Leverkusen, 12 miles from 

 Cologne. At this factory over 3,000 tons of pharmaceuticals, dyestuffs, 

 and other chemicals were awaiting export. The plant is equipped with 

 3,500 telephones. At the time of Dr. Worden's visit over 500 research 

 chemists were at work, and to these several hundred more would be 

 added as soon as the raw materials were available. According to Dr. 

 Worden Germany kept her technical forces unimpaired by the war. 

 She placed her technical men in positions where they did not run too 

 much risk. 



An economic blockade has been divested of some of its terrors for 

 the Germans, for the Haber process has been so improved that they can 

 obtain an ample supply of nitrates from the air. Their agricultural 

 needs in this connection, Dr. Worden states, will be satisfied for all 

 time. At the Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik, located near Ludwigs- 

 hafen, above Coblenz, on the Rhine, they are in a position to extract 

 the nitrogen from 2^ cubic miles of air daily. This Company has a 

 new research laboratory which, with its equipment, cost $750,000. In 

 many cases where the Germans used a chemical plant for making ex- 

 plosives, they erected in the neighbourhood a substantial factory on a 

 scale at least equal to that of the plant which was being utilized for war 

 purposes and the factories so erected were all held in readiness to begin 

 operations as soon as the war was over. The expectation was, of course, 

 that these new plants would be paid for by the Allies and no expense 

 therefore was spared in their preparation. It is hardly necessary then 

 to remark that Germany, so far as the chemical industry is concerned, is 

 in splendid condition to resume competition with the other nations of 

 the world. 



It evidently behooves the Allies to increase not only their university 

 attendance but more particularly also their output of research workers. 

 This would be advisable under any circumstances. It becomes doubly 

 urgent in the face of a German competition backed by an ample supply 

 of scientifically trained workers. Nowhere is it more necessary to take 

 stock of one's scientific position than it is in Canada. 



The figures already given for university attendance do not appear 

 to place Canada in an unfavourable light as compared with countries 

 other than Germany. Gauged by the second set of figures, however, 

 Canada, as a whole, and even Ontario, shows to disadvantage in com- 

 parison with Germany. The actual disadvantage, too, is greater than 

 that implied in the ratio of 8 to 14. For the 8 Ontario students would, 

 on the average, be less mature than the 14 German students and would 

 include among them a smaller proportion who are engaged on more 



