68 



TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 



[Vol. IV. 



original horn weapon. To-day, as formerly, they are securely fastened 

 to a handle three or four feet long, wherewith they are launched at the 



Fijj. 47. Yz size. 



game much as would be done with a regular lance. The shaft is 

 intended to secure greater impetus and efficiency to the weapon. The 

 specimen illustrated by fig. 47 is a find, and is therefore more ancient 



Fig. 48. y2 size. 



than that shown in fig. 48 which is quite modern. A comparison 

 between these implements and those of similar intent in use among 

 widely different races of Indians all over North America cannot fail to 

 elicit the remark that the same needs create the same means. * 



In the act of dressing hides several bone or horn implements are still 

 used among the Western Denes. These are the fat-scraper, the hair- 

 scraper, the bone-awl, and the skin-scraper. 



Fig 49- 



The firstf is made of a split cariboo horn (fig. 49) and, as its name 

 indicates, it serves to scrape off the fat adhering to the fresh skin. This 

 fat is received in the concave part of the implement and thence trans- 

 ferred to a bark vessel close by. In the form above delineated, it is more 

 of a Tse'kehne than of a Carrier tool, and as such it does service more 

 particularly in the treatment of marmot {Arctomys moiiax and caligaius) 

 and wild goat {Aploceriis montanus) skins. 



The Carrier equivalent therefor generally consists of the socket end 

 of the shoulder blade of the cariboo, left almost in its natural state. 



* 5^^ Ann. Rep. Canad. Inst. 1888, p. 58, figs. 100, lOl. 



\ Pe-tha-Ptzo, "wherewith the flesh-side is scraped " (of a hquid or fat substance): fourth 

 category of nouns. 



