126 



TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 



[Vol. IV 



delineated boiler and tray. They commence by digging a shallow 

 excavation in the sand into which they lay one end of a rough bark tray, 

 thereby obtaining an oblique inclination for the whole vessel, the lower 

 end of which is alone folded up. Inside the upper half of the tray, a 

 boiler of corresponding width and made of a large piece of spruce bark 

 is erected and secured in position by three sticks driven in the ground on 

 the outside of both boiler and tray. This boiler has no other bottom 

 than that of the tray wherein it stands upright and wherewith it forms an 

 obtuse angle. As a consequence of this last circumstance an aperture is 

 left between the bottom of the tray and the lower edge of the front side 

 of the boiler, that facing the projecting part of the shallow vessel. A few 

 twigs are there deposited which will act as a strainer with regard to the 

 escaping juice of the berries. Once the boiler has been filled up with the 

 fruit, heated stones are cast in which have the double effect of pressing 

 down and boiling its contents. The juice escaping in the outer part of 

 the tray is transferred when necessary to another vessel. The berries in the 



Fig. 119. 



boiler having considerably sunk down and the stones beginning to cool, 

 a new supply of both is thrown on top of the mash, which operation is 

 repeated as long as the size of the boiler will allow. After all the juice 

 has thus been extracted, the residue of the berries is thoroughly kneaded, 

 after which it is spread out in thin layers on willow hurdles previously 

 covered with heraeleum leaves, and then exposed to the action of the 

 sun and air. By frequently sprinkling the mash with the juice of the 

 berries and letting it dry until it attains the proper degree of consistency, 



