240 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VOL. lY. 



and the saving of great cost to litigants and to the country, etc. The 

 greater part of the paper was devoted to the educational question, in 

 discussing which he quoted what is being done in France and Belgium, 

 where the machinery of governments and the faculties of the universities 

 are utilized to carry forward broad and thorough systems of instruction, 

 and where examinations are so directed as to give artists an intellectual 

 standing appropriate with the place art holds amongst the liberal pro- 

 fessions. Neither the intention nor the effect has ever been to draw 

 away the mind of the artist from his chalk and models ; but by so 

 enriching his mind with the stores of information that apply directly to 

 his work, by uncovering to him the wells of scientific truth that will 

 correct his judgment and give permanence to his work, by unrolling the 

 scrolls of history, and by teaching to him the ethics of art equip him for 

 high achievement and honourable renown. The list of options for 

 college and university course for artists was then sketched. And the 

 course for fine art degrees in several American universities was given as 

 taking up only a small portion of work that was of real value, and for 

 which the machinery of our university is already fairly well adjusted 

 Ontario does not generally wait for her neighbours to lead, especially in 

 the field of education. 



EIGHTEENTH MEETING. 



Eighteenth Meeting, i8th March, 1893, the President in the chair. 



Donations and Exchanges, 80. 



A letter was read from Rev. Canon Bull, President of the Lundy's 

 Lane Historical Society, giving an interesting account of the recent 

 discovery of an old church register at Chippewa, together with many 

 important papers. The reverend gentleman is now endeavouring to 

 make a duplicate of this register, and also to write out the papers in 

 order. An important marriage license, with clergyman's endorsation of 

 Nov. 28, 1839, has been found, of which there was no entry in the parish 

 register. This document appears to be of very great value, as it supplies 

 evidence for which long enquiry had been made. 



A paper by Dr. Sandford Fleming on " Early Ocean Steamships " was 

 read. It confuted the statements made by Professor Watkins, in the 

 report of the United States National Museums for 1890, in regard to the 

 claims of the Savannah to be the first steamship to cross the Atlantic. 



Mr. Alan Macdougall read a paper on " Electro-Horticulture." He 

 stated he had watched shade trees in a number of streets in early spring 



