sharpest kind of competition have forced them- 
selves in; only a few herbaceous forms appear:- 
Epilobium glandulosum Vicia gigantea 
Elymus glaucus Boschniakia strobilacea 
Sanicula menziesit 
Boschniakia is a peculiar plant growing as a 
parasite upon the roots of Gaultheria shallon; it 
will be referred to again under another heading. 
Mhe*characteristie- shrubby torms are: 
Rosa nutkana Rubus parviflorus 
Rubus spectabilis Aruncus aruncus 
Rubus ursinus Lonicera involucrata 
Well towards the back part of the formation 
larger shrubs frequently occur such as Malus 
rivularis and Amelanchier alnijolia: here too one 
meets with stunted forms of Pinus contorta. 
b. Vegetation of the forest proper. 
rt. Coniferous forest formation. 
This great formation of the region bears the 
stamp of ages and through the signs of antiquity 
which it presents are seen the promise of future 
endurance, except in so far as the advent of 
white man upon the island may have far reach- 
ing effects. The two great factors for the for- 
