Postelsia 4 
on 
Menziesia urceolaria Rubus s pectabilis 
Vaccinium parvijolium Gaultheria shallon 
Malus rivularts occurs generally in the form 
of a low shrub, 2-4 meters high, and inthis form 
is found mostly towards the edge of the forest or 
in the salal zone. When, however, it appears in 
the denser parts of the forest it frequently as- 
sumes a liane like character of growth, its long 
slender stems, often ro-15 meters, finding sup- 
port on the branches of adjoining trees and 
reaching upwards where they can obtain suf- 
ficient hght. When so growing the stems often 
attain a greater diameter above than at the base. 
Herbaceous undergrowth.—The rich humus- 
laden soil of the forest supports a _ shade- 
loving herbaceous vegetation which is quite char- 
acteristic. Mosses and liverworts occur in great 
profusion, covering logs and stumps and the 
lower portions of the growing trees. Several 
species of ferns are found in great abundance, of 
which Lomaria spicant and Polystichum munitum 
(PIE Vil.) are the most common. The 
latter attains great size and beauty in the damp 
deeply shaded places. Dryopteris spinulosa and 
