Postelsta 143 
the ridges facing the ocean show no signs of 
glacial action, and there appears to be no reason 
why such ridges may not have been forested during 
the entire glacial period, just as the hills of the 
Alaska coast are forested now, while the valleys 
are often filled with glaciers. 
In this way fragments of the forests probably 
survived at many points along the coast of Brit- 
ish Columbia, Washington and Oregon, and 
perhaps also at points in the interior, and from 
these remnants the present forests have evident- 
ly been formed. 
In Vancouver Island the conifers are, with 
a few exceptions, widely distributed. The two 
Junipers are local, one in the dry southeastern 
district near Victoria, and the other as an alpine 
shrub on the high mountain summits. <A bvzes 
Mertensiana is sub-alpine and apparently does 
not descend appreciably below three thousand 
feet. 
The forest of the lowlands of the west coast 
is composed chiefly of spruce, western hemlock, 
and cedar, with a smaller proportion of Abzes 
amabilis, yew and white pine, while Pinus con- 
