458 A. EF. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands. 
of this character, and in so exposed a situation, during so many 
years. But the absence of frost is a great factor in the durability 
of such rocks. Probably the official records would show when these 
later structures were built, but we had not sufficient time to ascer- 
tain it. 
I was not able to ascertain positively that any of the works now 
standing on Castle Island were built in the early period, before 1625, 
for though in the same places, the older works must have been 
totally demolished and new ones of larger size built later. 
In the History of Virginia, ete., by Capt. John Smith (1624), he 
reproduced a rough map of Bermuda, with the location of all the 
forts indicated, and with marginal illustrations of the forts and 
public buildings, including the Devonshire Redoubt and platform, 
guns, the King’s Castle, and the Southampton Fort 
opposite. These curious illustrations were undoubtedly made by 
with its seven 
: Southampton forte 
Figure 20.—Ancient illustrations (made by Norwood in 1622) of King’s Castle (M) 
and Southampton Fort (L); first published in 1624. Reduced by photography. 
Richard Norwood and furnished to Smith,* either by Mr. Nor- 
wood or by Governor Butler. Mr. Norwood had just before that 
time completed an official survey and map of the islands, with its 
divisions into shares, for the Bermuda Company. He was @ very 
able engineer and surveyor, long resident on the islands, and must 
have been very familiar with every part of them. So his illustra- 
tions, though rude and all out of proportion as to the land and water, 
are probably correct enough to give a good idea of the works, as they 
* Capt. Smith credits his illustrations to. Norwood. 
