A. FE. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands. A473 
* Pulpit Rock,” on Ireland Island, is a good example of a detached 
pinnacle rock. (See figure 25.) It also shows well the irregular 
stratification of the xolian limestone. Some of these pinnacles stand 
out some distance from the shore, on the flat reefs, showing where 
an islet, or the shore cliff once stood, long ago. 
Figure 25.—Pulpit Rock, Ireland Island. 
The famous North Rocks (figure 30) are pinnacles of this kind, 
standing on the outer reef, some eight miles from the north side of 
the islands. They stand on a broad platform of reef rock. They 
serve as monuments to mark the position of what was once a large 
and high island. (See Part II, ch. 23, and Geology.) 
In other cases, owing to the unequal hardness of the rock, and to 
the frequent existence of masses of unconsolidated sand in the lime- 
stone, the waves have eaten away these softer parts very rapidly, 
leaving the harder parts standing. 
This has sometimes resulted in the formation of natural arches or 
bridges, of which the double “natural arch” near Tucker’s Town isa 
good example. (See plate Ixxxvii.) 
9.— Cathedral Rocks. 
The Cathedral Rocks, or “Old Church Rocks” as they are often 
called, on the west side of Somerset Island, have been formed in a 
