762 A. FE. Verrill—The Bermuda Islands. 
were seen in April, 1901. Its large, purplish black, spinose larvee 
feed on the elm and willow, sometimes on poplars; in Bermuda 
probably on the weeping willow. Easily recognized by its dark 
maroon-brown wings, bordered by a row of blue spots and a mar- 
ginal light drab band. 
Single specimens of Vanessa 7o* (fig. 123) and of V. polychlorost+ 
are recorded by Jones, 1876, as taken by Canon Tristram in 1848. 
They are both European species. It is doubtful if they have become 
fully naturalized here. 
Figure 123.—European Peacock Butterfly (Vanessa io); a, b, imago; c, pupa ; 
24 natural size; after Berge. 
Musk Butterfly ; Buck-eye ; Lavinia; Peacock Butterfly. (Juno- 
nia coeenia (Hubn.); Scudder; Holland,t ete.). Figure 124. 
First recorded by Hurdis as captured May 15, 1849; also Sept. 
12, 1854. He stated that it was common throughout the year. J. 
M. Jones, 1876, says it is “the most common butterfly.” It was 
sent to me by Mr. T. G. Gosling, in 1901. Its larva feeds on Linaria 
(snap-dragon), purple Gerardia, and allied scrophulariaceous plants, 
and sometimes on ground-plantain (Plantago). According to. Mr. 
* Vanessa io has the fore wings above reddish brown with four patches of 
black, separated by yellow, of which two are angular, one semicircular on upper 
half of ocellated spot, which has lower half brown with yellow dots, and front 
margin of yellow; five round blue spots in a row; margin dark. Hind wing 
blackish brown ; large ocellated spot with black pupil and blue central spots, 
border whitish ; under side of both wings brownish black. See figure 114. 
+ V. polychloros has the upper side of the wings mostly brownish orange with 
about six or seven irregular and unequal spots of black on the fore wings; a 
submarginal band of black, externally margined with yellow, on both pairs; on 
the hind wings a band of blue between the black and yellow; front edge of fore 
wings with a submarginal stripe of yellow. 
{ Holland, W. J., Butterfly Book, p. 173, pl. iii, figs, 29, 30, larva; pl. iv, figs. 
56, 57, 65-67, pupa; pl. xx, fig. 7, female imago. 
