136 Chittenden and Cummins—Influence of Bile 
as well as on the action of pepsin and on amylolytic action. The 
only data bearing on these points are the recent experiments of Maly 
and Emich, who have found that 0:2 per cent. taurocholic acid hin- 
ders the digestive action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid, while 1 per 
cent. of glycocholic acid is without influence. The same investigators 
‘likewise state that 0°1 per cent. taurocholic or glycocholic acid stops 
the amylolytic action of the pancreas ferment, and that 0-2 per cent. 
taurocholic acid or 1 per cent. glycocholic acid will completely stop 
the amylolytic action of the salivary ferment. 
Our experiments on this subject were commenced before the above 
results were published, and we have continued them, since we wished 
to ascertain likewise the influence of the bile salts, and also the effects 
of both salts and acids, as well as the bile itself, on the proteolytic 
ferment of the pancreas. The results of Maly and Emich, moreover, 
not being quantitative, do not express the relative effects of the 
various percentages of bile acids used, but simply the percentage of 
acid necessary to stop ferment action under the conditions de- 
scribed by them. 
1.—Influence on Amylolytic Action. 
As amylolytic ferment, we have employed filtered. human mixed 
saliva made neutral and then diluted to a known volume. In study- 
ing the influence of the various percentages of bile salts and acids 
on the action of the ferment, we have used a digestive mixture (50 
or 100 ec.) containing 1 per cent. of starch previously boiled with 
water, and 2 per cent. of saliva, together with the given percent- 
ages of bile salts or acids. The extent of diastatic or amylolytic 
action under the varying conditions was determined in each case by 
estimating the amount of reducing substances, maltose and dextrose, 
formed during 30 minutes warming at 40° C. Further diastatic 
action was at once stopped by boiling the digestive mixtures, 
after which they were diluted to a known volume, and the reduc- 
ing substances determined in a given portion of the diluted fluid 
by Allihn’s gravimetric method.* The reducing substances are 
in each instance calculated as dextrose, and the diastatic action is 
expressed in the percentage of starch converted into sugar. 
We first tried the influence of crystallized ox bile, since bile itself 
contains a small amount of a diastatic ferment. A 1 per cent. solu- 
tion of nicely crystallized ox bile was made, with which the following 
results were obtained : 
* Zeitschrift fiir analytische Chemie, xxii, 448. 
