142 Chittenden and Cummins—Influence of Bile 
A second series, tried under the same conditions, but with larger 
percentages of bile gave the following results: 
e in Weight of Fibrin 
digestive mixture. * undigested residue. digested. 
0 per cent. 0°1979 gram. 90°10 per cent. 
0°25 0°2456 87°72 
0°50 0°1927 90°36 
9°00 1°1955 40°22 
13°00 16611 16°94 
16°50 1°7812 10°94 
20°00 19241 3 29 
From these two series of experiments it is evident that the pres- 
ence of bile, from 1 per cent. upward, causes diminished proteolytic 
action, the retarding effect being proportionate to the amount of bile 
present. 20 per cent. of bile stops the action, under these con- 
ditions, almost completely. It is fair to presume, therefore, that the 
reflux of but a small amount of bile into the stomach would be pro- 
ductive of a diminished proteolytic action. 
These results, therefore, agree with the older statements of Briicke, 
Hammarsten and others, to the effect that bile added to a gastric 
digestion has the effect of bringing the proteolytic action to a stand- 
still. We next tried the influence of the individual bile acids with 
the following results : 
Taurocholic Weight of Fibrin 
acid. undigested residue. digested. 
0 per cent. 0°1311 gram. 86°89 per cent. 
0:025 071461 85°39 
0:050 0°2200 78:00 
0-100 0°2421 15-19 
0:200 0°2668 13°32 
0°500 0°3579 64:21 
Here it is seen that the smallest percentage of taurocholic acid 
added, produces a distinct effect on proteolytic action, and in the 
next series of experiments still smaller percentages of acid cause 
an equally marked effect. In both series of experiments, the mix- 
tures were warmed at 40° C. for 1 hour and 30 minutes. 
Taurocholic Weight of Fibrin 
acid, undigested residue. digested. 
0 per cent. 0°1499 gram. 85°01 per cent. 
0°010 071819 81°81 
0°015 071900 81:00 
0°020 0°2947 70°53 
0°050 0°3110 68°90 
Adding taurocholic acid to the digestive mixture in the form 
of a sodium salt has the effect of diminishing still further the action 
\ 
