Chittenden and Whitehouse—Sulphate on Metabolism. 167 
day. Urea was determined by Pfliiger’s* modification of Liebig’s 
method, chlorine being removed by a standard solution of silver 
nitrate. Chlorine was determined by evaporating 10 ¢.¢. of the 
urine with a weighed amount of potassium nitrate in a platinum cru- 
cible, igniting until the organic matter was completely removed, dis- 
solving in water, acidifying with nitric acid, neutralizing with cal- 
cium carbonate and then titrating with silver nitrate solution. Uric 
acid was determined by Heintz’s method as modified by Zablinst and 
phosphoric acid with a standard solution of uranium nitrate.[ The 
amount of solid matter was calculated by the use of Christison’s 
formula. 
After taking the above diet for some time, the urine was analyzed 
for seven consecutive days prior to the exhibition of cinchonidine. 
The results, seen in Table No. I, show a very close agreement in the 
daily excretions. 
On the 11th of May the first dose of cinchonidine sulphate was 
taken. The alkaloid salt was a finely crystallized preparation ob- 
tained from Powers and Weightman. The daily dose was usually 
divided into three portions and taken in tiny gelatine capsules, about 
five hours apart. In view of the fact that cinchonidine is a weaker 
alkaloid than quinine, it was not deemed necessary to try the influ- 
ence of very small doses; on the first day, therefore, 15 grains of the 
salt were taken; on the second day 21-8 grains; on the third day 
35°1 grains; and on the fourth 50 grains, making a total of 121°9 
grains of cinchonidine sulphate in four consecutive days.§ The re- 
sults of the analyses of the four days’ urine, as well as those of the 
three following days, on which no cinchonidine was taken, are shown 
in Table No. IL. 
Comparing these results with those in Table No. I, and in Table 
No. ITI, it is seen that cinchonidine exercises a very decided influ- 
ence on the nitrogenous metabolism of the body. Urea is at once 
affected : its excretion on the first day even, is diminished 6 per cent., 
while on the second day it is diminished 10 per cent., and on the fourth 
day when the largest dose of cinchonidine was taken, the excretion 
of urea was 16 per cent. less than in the normal urine. The influence 
* Pfliiger’s Archiv, vol.‘ xxi, p. 248. 
+ Die Lehre vom Harn, Salkowski and Leube, p. 94-95. 
} Die Lehre vom Harn, p. 184. 
§ While taking the larger doses of cinchonidine, an intense ringing in the ears was 
temporarily experienced (cinchonism) together with partial deafness and slight 
dizziness. On one or two occasions a slight nausea was felt. 
