98 A. H. Graves, 
In all other respects, however—internal structure, axillary scales, 
&c.—the subfloral leaves are identical with the ordinary foliage 
leaves. ; 
Koch and Irmisch have 
called these two leaves 
“folia ‘floralia,” “an une 
wieldy term, whose Eng- 
lish equivalent is at present 
applied to the modified 
| leaves forming the floral 
fleorsettfci io h A envelope in the Phanero- 
gams. On account of their 
position near the  pe- 
duncle and their slight 
modification in form, they 
approach the category of 
“bracteal leavesv=e nan 
Figure 18.—Sketch of flowering branch, show- ~ Hochblatter” of Stras- 
ing location of flowers and subfloral leaves. burger (1908, p. 31) and 
2) WEOREEE Sze, Goebel (1898, p. 578), yet 
the difference from the ordinary leaves is so slight that such a classi- 
fication seems unwarrantable. I have therefore adopted the term 
“ subfloral leaves,” although bearing in mind their approach to typical 
bracts. 

E. Scale Leaves 
Besides the subfloral leaves and ordinary foliage leaves, two other 
sorts of leaf structures occur in Ruppia maritima, quite similar in 
appearance and structure. These are very small membranous for- 
mations—one kind borne at the base of the ordinary branches and 
the other at the base of the floral axis (Pl. | fio. 1; Plilenoee 
vsl; Text-figs. 19-20, vs/ and fs/). The first sort is plainly what 
Goebel (1898, p. 572) has in mind when he writes of ‘“ Vorblatter.” 
He says, “ Die Vorblatter sind zunachst charakterisiert durch ihre 
Stellung. Wir finden sie—wo sie tiberhaupt vorkommen—bei den 
Dikotylen meist in Zweizahl an der Basis der Seitensprosse, bei den 
Monokotylen wird gewohnlich ein Vorblatt angenommen, welches auf 
der dem Mutterspross zugekehrten Seite des Tochtersprosses steht.” 
Strasburger (1908, p. 429) also mentions “ Vorblatter,” but with 
him they signify bracts or bracteal leaves. It is his category 
‘“Niederblatter” or “scale leaves” that includes the structures 
described by Goebel as “ Vorblatter.” 
