VIII. — The Hawaiian Hepatic^ of the Tribe Jubuloide^. — 

 By Alexander W. Evans. 



A FEW Hepaticffi from the Hawaiian Islands were collected by 

 Menzies in 1793. They consist of small specimens and of fragments 

 picked from other plants and are for the most part in the herbarium 

 of Sir William J. Hooker, now preserved in the collections of the 

 Royal Gardens at Kew. In the early decades of the present century 

 additional small collections were made by Beechey, by Gaudichaud, 

 and by Meyen, during their voyages of exploration, and these, 

 together with the Menzies plants, are the Hawaiian Hepaticse referred 

 to in the Synopsis Hepaticarum of 1844-47. Scarcely thirty species, 

 most of them from the island of Hawaii, are mentioned in this 

 volume, which gives us, therefore, little idea of the richness of the 

 hepatic flora of the Islands, 



About thirty years ago another small collection was made by the 

 late Dr. William Hillebrand. His attention, of course, being chiefly 

 devoted to the phanerogams and pteridophytes, to the knowledge 

 of which he made important and well known contributions, the 

 Hepaticse which he gathered were somewhat fragmentary in char- 

 acter and consisted mainly of large and conspicuous species, to which 

 occasionally smaller forms remained attached. The collection, never- 

 theless, included a number of undescribed plants. Some of the 

 specimens were sent for determination to Mr. C. F. Austin and 

 others to Mr. William Mitten, and, as these two writers worked 

 independently of each other, certain of the new species received 

 two names apiece. The published accounts of Hillebrand's plants 

 appeared between 1869 and 1876. In 1872, the Swedish botanist, Dr. 

 Johan Angstrom, published a list of the Hawaiian Hepaticte collected 

 twenty years previously by Professor IST. J. Andersson, during the 

 voyage around the world of the frigate Eugenie; and, in 1874, 

 Austin published a list of the species collected by Messrs. Mann and 

 Brigham in 1872. In both of these lists new species are described 

 and the synonymy is complicated by giving new names to certain 

 previously described species. Most of the plants in these three col- 

 lections came from the island of Oahu. 



The first thorough and systematic collection, however, was the 

 one made in 1875 and 1876 by Mr. D. D. Baldwin, nearly all of 

 whose specimens came from the island of Maui. Mr. Baldwin sent 



