A. W. Evans — Hawaiian Hepaticce of the Tribe Jiihuloidece. 391 



being of the same diameter throughout, as in most hepatics, broadens 

 out above into a disc of the same color as the capsule-wall and several 

 cells thick in the middle part.* On the circumference of this disc the 

 four valves of the capsule are inserted, and it appears, therefore, as if 

 the capsule were not split to the base. The valves themselves are 

 usually two cells thick and each bears on its inner surface close to 

 the apex a cluster of truncate unispiral elaters. The cells of the 

 valves do not show the peculiar band-like thickenings usually found 

 in the cells of the inner layer of the capsule-wall, but are merely 

 irregularly thickened. 



The Jubuloidea? fall naturally into two well-marked subtribes: 

 the Frullaniefe and the Lejeuneea?. 



The Frullaniese are almost never of a bright green color but are 

 tinged with brown or red, sometimes so deeply so as to be nearly 

 black. The leaf-lobes are ovate to orbicular in shape, more or less 

 convex, and usually with entire margins. The lobules are in the 

 form of inflated hood-shaped or club-shaped sacs, attached to the 

 postical margin of the lobe close to the base. The opening of the 

 sac is usually near the point of attachment and is directed backwards; 

 in a few species, however, the lobule is reflexed and the opening is 

 consequently directed forwaixls. Sometimes only a part of the 

 lobule is inflated, and sometimes, particularly in moist localities, the 

 lobule appears as a narrow lanceolate lamina and is not inflated at 

 all. A third part of the leaf, the stylus, is usually distinct in this 

 subtribe; it is situated on the inner side of the lobule and is inserted, 

 partly at least, on the stem. The stylus is usually in the form of a 

 minute, subulate process, and may be looked upon as a pai't of the 

 postical lobe, or as an appendage to it. Underleaves are alwaj's 

 present and are almost invariably bifid. 



A branch in the FruUanieaB develops from the whole of the pos- 

 tical half of a segmentf and replaces the lobule of the leaf beneath 

 whose lobe it is situated. J Corresponding with this method of 

 branching, the first leaf of a branch is an underleaf ; the second, a 

 side-leaf turned toward the apex of the main axis; the third, a side- 



* Cf. Spruce, Hep. Amaz. et And. 5. 1885. 



f This type of branching is found in many genera of Hepaticae ; it is particu- 

 larly clear in Porella, Lepidozia, and others with incubous leaves, but is to be 

 made out also in various genera with succubous leaves. 



X An exception to this rale is found in the innovations and sometimes in the 

 antheridial branches of Jubula, which conform to the type of branching 

 described for the next subtribe. 



