154 >... TRANSACTIONS OF THE RoyAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VOL. XI 
Canadian Pacific Railway, too, has recently recognised the importance 
of this subject and has organised in connection with its system a develop- 
ment branch under the direction of Messrs. The Arthur D. Little Co., for 
the purpose of exploiting the natural resources and raw materials with 
which it is more immediately concerned. 
These few illustrations which I have cited and to which others might 
be added will serve to show what steps are being taken in Great Britain 
and in the United States to conserve their resources and to stimulate 
and protect their industries. Moreover they point out very clearly the 
path which we must follow if our manufacturing interests are to be 
so protected and developed that they may be prepared adequately to 
take their part in the great industrial struggle which must inevitably 
follow the termination of the war. 
In Canada as in Great Britain it will be difficult for an Industrial 
Commission of the kind I have referred to, to deal with individual firms. 
Small manufacturers cannot afford to set up research laboratories as 
adjuncts to their works. It will be necessary for the manufacturers in 
particular industries to combine for scientific purposes and possibly 
also for financial reasons. For by such action it will be possible for the 
Government to subsidise research in particular industries. Generally 
speaking it will not be found practicable, I venture to think, for such 
subventions to be given to individual firms for the development of 
research problems of an exclusive or private nature. This will of course 
lead to the creation of great trusts as it has already done in the United 
States, but such a result need not necessarily prove an economic evil 
if we profit by the lessons they have learned and if due precautions are 
taken for the protection of the interests of labour on the one hand and 
of those of the consumer on the other. 
We must encourage in every possible way our manufacturers to call 
to their aid the assistance of the trained investigators which we are at 
present turning out in large numbers in our Universities. We in the 
Universities are justly proud of the product of our industry and our 
only regret is:'that hitherto our industries have failed to avail themselves 
of the services of the highly trained men and women who graduate from 
our halls each year. To our regret and to the oft expressed regret of 
these graduates the lack of openings in our own country has forced them 
to accept positions in the research laboratories of the United States. 
There they are assisting in building up great industries, rivals to our 
own, and in adding to the already stupendous wealth of that great 
country. This tide is draining us of our most valuable product and we 
anxiously look forward to the time when the full appreciation of research 
work and of the application of scientific methods will lead our manu- 
