162. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VOL. xI 
V. INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY AFTER THE WAR. 
Another matter to which I wish to draw your attention is the utilisa- 
tion of.our war equipment in the industries after the war. The prosecu- 
tion of the war has necessitated both in this country and in Great 
Britain, the establishment of vast and extensive works for the manu- 
facture of munitions and other war equipment. It has necessitated also 
the installation of enormous additions to the mechanical equipment 
of existing works. Two years ago for example the manufacture of aero- 
planes and aircraft generally was but an insignificant industry in Great 
Britain. To-day all is changed. At the present time aircraft are being 
constructed in a dozen centres in England and Scotland, and in addition 
the Government maintain a factory at Farnborough which covers 
hundreds of acres and includes on its staff thousands of men and women 
who are feverishly at work constructing and assembling the parts of 
aeroplanes which are being turned out in prodigious numbers. Great 
and enormous works have also been established for the manufacture 
of chemicals and other materials used in the making of explosives and 
of artillery. Formerly the guns and ammunition for the army were 
largely manufactured at Woolwich but to-day there is hardly a town 
or city in the Kingdom which is not contributing its quota to the arma- 
ment of the nation. In one part of Scotland alone which came under 
my notice, the works recently established by the Government for the 
manufacture and storage of explosives and other munitions covers an 
area of almost 200 square miles. 
On the Clyde, too, the most intense activity prevails. An entirely new 
fleet is being created. Ina visit I paid there recently I counted over two 
hundred war vessels under construction. There were flotillas of torpedo- 
destroyers, and destroyer leaders, dozens of submarines, many mine 
sweepers and monitors, and numbers of battle cruisers and battle ships. 
Yards in which a war vessel had never been constructed hitherto had 
their slips filled with these additions to the navy. Firms which were 
formerly competitors now lend one another engineers, models, drawings 
and workmen. In addition to the need for this enormous expenditure 
of strength on the construction of war ships there came an imperative 
demand for increased merchant tonnage. To this demand the workers 
on the Clyde, masters and men, responded with alacrity and enthusiasm 
and the intensity of the effort is most impressive. In addition to the 
war vessels now being built which I have mentioned I observed large 
numbers of enormous freight and passenger carrying vessels under 
construction, some almost completed and others with their keels only 
just laid. As one passes up the Clyde from the Broomielaw to Greenock 
