1916| INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH IN CANADA 163 
in a small river boat one is deafened with the noise and the rattle of 
it all. It is simply stupendous and gives one the impression of being 
in the midst of a gigantic factory where the workers are not men but 
supermen and the directors are the very gods and titans of mythology. 
And the intensity of the effort is not confined to the Clyde district 
alone for if one is to believe what one hears, a similarly intense activity 
is in evidence in the neighbourhoods of Portsmouth, Chatham, New- 
castle, Liverpool and Belfast. 
The changes which have come about in the last two years in the 
British Isles are beyond expression. Enormously more has been accom- 
plished than could have been believed possible even by the most vivid 
imagination. We have seen the Empire perform the greatest achieve- 
ment in history in raising over five million volunteer soldiers within 
two years and in creating the arms, munitions and equipment necessary 
for that army. What is more wonderful still is that we have seen great 
changes wrought in the mental outlook and viewpoint of the British 
people. 
We have seen them when confronted with the grave and threatening 
difficulties of this tremendous ordeal, suddenly give up their lives of 
indulgence, luxury and ease and mobilize all their financial, intellectual, 
and industrial strength for the struggle. We have seen the labour 
interests assume national responsibilities, to a degree far beyond what 
previous to the war we had thought possible. The part taken by the 
women in this movement, too, is beyond all praise. In the British Isles 
as also in a measure in Canada one to two millions of women have for the 
first time received the mental and physical development which comes from 
earning money and from training in work. Millions of men and youths 
have advanced from unimportant common place labour to skilled work. 
At the end of the war we shall have in the Empire from four to five 
millions of trained men, survivors from the battlefields who will have 
had the tremendous advantage derived from the physical, mental and 
moral training required of soldiers. Through the efforts of the clergy, 
our military leaders and our statesmen, the national conscience, too, has 
been so awakened that a revolution has been accomplished in the attitude 
of the army and of the manhood of the nation generally, towards ques- 
tions of temperance, clean living, literature and the drama. I am making 
but a conservative estimate when I say that as a result of the war from Io 
to 15 millions of the British people will have made an enormous mental, 
moral, and physical advance. 
In walking through the different works in the cities of London, 
Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham and other places one is struck by 
a new alertness, a sort of mental and physical exhilaration that gives 
