202 TRANSACTIONS OF THE RoyAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE _ [VOL. XII 
Chlamydospores have been repeatedly observed by investigators on 
the higher fungi. -Brefeld!, in particular, describes a considerable 
number, and deals with their characters and significance at length. 
Lyman* gives a fairly complete survey of the literature on this subject. 
He informs us that Tubeuf found them on the mycelium of Merulius 
lachrymans, that Fayod found them in the hymenium of Polyporus 
lucidus, and Farneti in the hymenium of Boletus briosianus. Others 
have reported them in species of Polyporus and related genera, ‘‘where 
they sometimes occur in such abundance as to form definite fructifi- 
cations of their own—the basidio-fructification in some species is unknown’ 
or only occasionally recognizable’. These chlamydosporic fructifica- 
tions have been recognized under the generic name Ceriomyces Corda, 
Ptychogaster Corda, Oligoporus Bref., and perhaps Fibrillaria Pers. 
and Lycogalopsis Fisch. The identity of many of them is unknown, but 
some of them have been definitely connected with the Polyporaceae, as 
for example, Polyporus biennis Bull., Trametes rubescens Fr., Polyporus 
sulphureus Bull., and Fistulina hepatica Fr., in all of which the fructifi- 
cation is of the normal type and bears basidiospores as well as chlamy- 
dospores. In some of the Ceriomyces or Ptychogaster forms the chlamy- 
dospores are borne in cavities. In Fistulina hepatica they are borne 
radially just under the superficial layer of cells in the upper part of the 
fruiting-body—more nearly resembling Fomes officinalis in this respect. 
Lyman summarizes as follows: ‘‘Chlamydospores are known in Hemi- 
gaster, in a few agarics (especially in Nyctalis), and reach their highest 
development in the Polyporaceae, where they occur in many species, 
frequently forming definite fructifications, and nearly or quite replacing 
the basidiospores. It is probable also that the conidia reported by 
Patouillard in Stereum disciforme, Corticium amorphum, and Pterula 
multifida, and by several writers in species of Hydnum are chlamydo- 
spores. Aside from these doubtful cases, chlamydospores are not known 
to occur in the Hydnacadeae, Clavariaceae, or Thelephoraceae. In 
distinction from oidia, chlamydospores occur in the hymenium or other 
parts of the fructification, having been found on the mycelium only in 
rare instances”. Summarizing his own work, he states that he “‘has 
found chlamydospores to be much more common, particularly upon the 
mycelium, than was previously known, having found them in over one- 
quarter of the species cultivated ;* they occur in about equal numbers 
in the three families studied. Undoubtedly, further culture study will 
yield additional proof of their wide distribution among Hymenomycetes. 
*Seventy-five species of Polyporaceae, Hydnaceae, and Thelephoraceae (the 
majority belonging to the Thelephoraceae) were grown in pure cultures; about 40% 
were found to possess some secondary method of reproduction, usually mycelail oidia 
or chlamydospores.” 
