igoo-i.] Effects of Water on Foliage Leaves. 341 



growing ; (c) had growing buds between the jars but none in the upper 

 liquid. 



On April 8th, (a) had no buds in the upper liquid while (b) and (c) 

 had. 



On April 23rd, twig (a) had roots in the upper liquid but no growing 

 buds ; (b) had leaves between the jars, the lower ones especially drying 

 up ; those in the upper liquid were living and fresh ; (c) had roots in 

 the upper liquid, and one of the buds was developing, seemingly at the 

 expense of the other. 



April 26th, (a), roots but no buds developed in the upper liquid ; 

 (b), no roots developed in the upper liquid but the leaves were 

 flourishing ; (c) had roots and one green branch in the upper liquid. 



On April 26th, all were taken from the liquids and the root systems 

 compared. It was found that no buds developed in the solution in the 

 lower jar; the roots of (a) were the most healthy looking and the most 

 flourishing in every way ; (b) was second, and (c) was much the poorest 

 in development and had a miserable looking root system in comparison 

 with the other two. 



From these experiments we may conclude, (i) that a nutrient 

 solution, such as that used here (in comparison with pure or tap water), 

 does not favour the development of a health)^ root system of this plant- 

 It would not be safe, perhaps, to make this conclusion upon two or 

 three experiments alone, but in every case of similar and of different 

 experiments there was no exception to this. On young roots, water, in 

 every case, seemed more favourable to the development of a healthy and 

 extensive root system. (2) Leaves can live and develop in water and 

 in a nutrient solution. (3) The development of roots and leaves is not, 

 as is often stated, confined to the poles, — the one system at the one pole, 

 the other at the other, — certain conditions of moisture supply having an 

 important bearing upon their development. An important point to 

 note, and one which will be discussed later, is that the nutrient solution 

 in some way or other affected injuriouslv, after a time, the leaves on the 

 plant, other than those immersed in it, and that the solution (as in b) 

 affected the root system. This point is the stronger when compared 

 with other similar experiments. 



Coincident in time with the experiment just described was one set 

 up as shown in Fig. 16, CD, in which we have (d) with distilled water in 

 both the upper and the lower vessels ; (e) with distilled water in the 



