1901-2.] The Windward Islands of the West Indies. 361 



underlaid by the old igneous foundation common to the Windward group, 

 but on Guadeloupe proper this is surmounted by tuffs and by volcanic 

 accumulations, which have been ejected during the time extending from 

 the close of the Pliocene period to the present. There are several cones, 

 the highest of which is 4,863 feet. Several eruptions have been recorded 

 in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Grande Terre is a rolling 

 coastal plain, separated from the main island by a narrow strait, called 

 Salt River. Its general characteristics are those of the limestone 

 section of Antigua, being underlaid by white calcareous marl of'the 

 Antigua formation, with the remains of a mantle of mechanical limestone 

 above, and also another calcareous formation belonging to the beginning 

 of the Pleistocene epoch, while on the mainland, as at Petit Bourg, 

 there is a mid-Pleistocene deposit of sand and gravel. Marie Galante 

 and Petite Terre are also limestone islands like Grande Terre, forming 

 part of the old coastal plains in front of the mountain section. The 

 Saintes are remnants of the old igneous basement. Remains of a small 

 elephant which emigrated from South America in the Pleistocene period 

 have been found in Guadeloupe. 



The roads in this French island are good. A coasting steamer sails 

 round the island and to the dependencies. The main industry is sugar, 

 which is principally raised on Grande Terre. Fine coffee is also culti- 

 vated, as well as some cocoa and vanilla. The people are mostly 

 coloured, with a larger white population than in the English islands, but 

 the coloured population is more unsatisfactory from our point of view, 

 and dislikes the intrusion of foreigners. And in their policy they have 

 done much to impair the prosperity of the island. In disembarking or 

 embarking at Basse Terre, the capital, one is liable not merely to the 

 imposition of the boatmen, but one's life may be imperilled by them, 

 practically, without redress. So also one may be insulted, or even 

 assaulted, as was the case of even an American Consul. The successful 

 revolution in Haiti has left here a bad effect which has not disappeared. 

 But from the white people with whom I came in contact I received only 

 the greatest courtesy. 



Dominica. 



Here is a repetition of the mountainous part of Guadeloupe, from 

 which it is separated by a depression about 2,000 feet below sea-level 

 (see map, Plate B, appended). It (see map, Plate C, appended) has no 

 coastal plains like Antigua and Guadeloupe, unless we so regard the 

 banks, some twenty miles to the south-eastward, as the remnant of the 



