94 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. V. 



inclined to thee by forcing the warlike tribes of Matya from thee 

 dissolving their obligation to thee." 



" There is a Hittite ship going from Igaid. In the hold of the ship 

 are thirty beams (gods) carved and consecrated, to which Irzapa does 

 homage. There is one earthen pot of tribute (gold) which I promised to 

 thee. There are 20 manehs of tribute (gold), 3 cases of ivory, 3 cases of 

 sponges, 3 cases of bowls, 8 cases of gaiters, 100 cases of rings, 4 robes, 

 100 cases of tow, 100 cases of long earthen shingles, 4 coverings of 

 plaited grey hair, 5 plaited coverings made of the wool of black sheep,. 

 3 cows, 24 carcasses of female pigs, 10 pig hams in vessels out of Sadibbi,. 

 10 salt hams, 2 earthen vessels." 



I do not propose to follow Dr. MacNish in his vindication of the Gaelic 

 of the epistle, which those who are curious can find in the Transactions 

 of the Celtic Society of Montreal. The high reputation of my learned 

 colleague as a Celtic scholar, second to few, if indeed to any, in the 

 world, is sufficient guarantee for the correctness of his translation, with 

 which I have not interfered in the slightest. The task I propose is to 

 place this intensely interesting document in its historical setting by the 

 aid chiefly of monumental evidence. There is no necessity for any 

 research for the purpose of determining who Nim.utriya, the Pharaoh to 

 whom it is addressed, was ; since all authorities agree that he was 

 Amenhotep III., whose son Amenhotep IV. Khu-en-aten, left Thebes 

 for Tell-el-Amarna, in consequence of his founding a new religion. A 

 princess intimately related to Amenhotep, or Nimutriya, forms the chief 

 subject of Tarkhundara's letter, and her name in its Celtic dress was 

 Akh. Amenhotep III. had no such daughter, but one of his grand- 

 daughters, through his son Amenhotep IV. of Tell-el-Amarna, was Ankh, 

 called more fully Ankh-nes-pa-aten. Here, in all likelihood, appears the 

 first clue to the historical connection. On some of his monuments, 

 according to Lenormant, her father is represented in his war chariot fol- 

 lowed to battle by his seven daughters, a testimony to their Amazonian 

 character. 



Ankh the princess married Tutankh or Tutankh-Amen, who by this 

 alliance became a Pharaoh, and reigned in the legitimate capital, Thebes. 

 Brugsch thinks his reign was a short one, though marked by much 

 development in the arts. In external form Tutankh has nothing in 

 common with either Tarkhundara or Khalugari. We may turn, there- 

 fore, in the meantime to the geographical name Irzapa. Dr. Sayce sup- 

 poses this to be a Syrian Razappa or Resheph, because a land of Igadai, 

 which he takes to be the same as the Igaid of the inscription, is, in the 

 Egyptian Travels of a Mohar in Palestine, placed to the north of Aleppo. 



