1895-96.] THE CELT IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND BABYLONIA. 95 



I do not believe there is any sufficient evidence to prove that the JVIohar 

 was near Aleppo, but this is beside the subject. In the sequel to his 

 Early History of Babylonia, George Smith mentions an Agade near 

 Sippara on the Euphrates, and, further down the river, below Babylon, 

 was Borsippa, a place of great note and high antiquity which gave name 

 to the surrounding country. Even so late again as the time of the geo- 

 grapher Strabo, the chief tribes of Chaldean astrologers were those of 

 the Borsippeni and the Orcheni. It is more natural to suppose that 

 Irzapa is a Celtic form of Borsippa than to look for it as an obscure 

 Syrian district, since its ruler sought in marriage the daughter of a power- 

 ful Pharaoh. The voyage of the Hittite ship from the Persian Gulf to 

 Cosseir, the port of Thebes, or to some similar port on the Red Sea, 

 would necessarily be a long and adventurous one, but as there was much 

 ♦ commercial interchange between Babylonia and Kgypt, it was probably 

 the more common route for it, since deserts and hostile tribes placed 

 difficulties in the way of land transport. The identification of Irzapa 

 with Borsippa is, however, only tentative. 



Among all the Babylonian monarchs of note, the only one whose 

 name approaches that of the Egyptian Tutankh is Dungi. Two cities 

 were named after him, Dunnu-saidu and Bil-dungi-ur. He is mentioned 

 in four of his own inscriptions, two of which are votive, on a signet 

 cylinder and on a stone weight of his own time, and is referred to by 

 Nabonidus of the sixth century B.C. as the completer of the tower at Ur,. 

 which had been begun by his father. More important by far than Dungi 

 was his father, the remains of v/hose buildings exceed those of every 

 other Chaldean monarch except Nebuchadnezzar. His name has been 

 . variously rendered as Urukh and as Urhammu, and Lenormant, who 

 gives him the latter, identifies him with the Orchamus of Ovid, quoting 

 the verses : 



" Rexit Achaemenias urbes pater Orchamus isque, 

 Septimus a prisci numeratur origine Beli." 



He and Dungi his son called themselves kings of Ur (now Mugheir) and 

 kings of Sumir and Accad, two distinct peoples. Urukh or Urhammu 

 built at Ur, Larsa, Erech, Nipur, and Zirgulla, therefore over all the 

 region called Orchoene by the classical geographers, a region lying south 

 of Borsippa. The forms of his name, Urhammu, Orchamus, Orchoene, 

 suggest a Cymric Urgan or Morgan, or a Gaelic Breogan, head of the 

 Brigantes, as well as a Midianite Rakem or Rekem. The facts that the 

 Welsh Urgan and Morgan denote the same person, and that the 

 Hebrew rekem, variegated, is the Gaelic breacaini, I variegate, indicate 

 that modifying prefixes had, as they still have, a large function in Celtic 



