1896-97-] THE DEN^S OF AMERICA IDENTIFIED WITH THE TUNGUS OF ASIA. 183 



in Stature rather below the a\'erage, with a narrow forehead, hollow 

 cheeks, prominent cheek-bones, small eyes deeply sunk in their orbit, 

 the upper lip very thin, and the lower somewhat protruding, the chin 

 very small, and the nose straight. Go and inspect them, and, perhaps, 

 out of every ten men, five who have long been fathers, will appear to you 

 like mere children. I have never seen but one fat person among them, 

 and none that was bald. Now, the Carriers are tall and stout, without, 

 as a rule, being too corpulent. The men, especially, average im 66omm 

 (about five feet five), in height. Their forehead is much broader than 

 that of the Tsh'kehne, and less receding than is usual with American 

 aborigines. Their face is full, with a nose generally aquiline, and in every 

 case better formed than that of their heterogeneous neighbours ; their lips 

 are thicker and their chin more prominent than those of the Tse'kehne. 

 Their eyes are also much larger and of a very deep black. Baldness, 

 though rare, is sometimes noticed among them, while a few are literally 

 obese. I am very much mistaken, if two crania, one of an individual of 

 each of these tribes, would not be pronounced by a craniologist as 

 belonging to representatives of diametrically different races. The 

 Tsilkohtin, on the other hand, are short in stature, broad faced and 

 broad shouldered, with prominent cheek bones, heavy jaws, and a nose 

 which is, not uncommonly, thick and flattish. They may be said to 

 have some physical resemblance to the Chinese. This description 

 appHes also to the Babines, who might be considered as a branch of the 

 Carriers. The only points in common between the three tribes are the 

 dark eyes, the black, coarse, and straight hair, and the small hands and 

 feet. Large hands and feet, however, are occasionally met with among 

 Carrier men. I do not speak of the complexion, because it varies even 

 in the same tribe, according to the occupation and food of the natives. 

 A hunter will never return from a tour of two or three months in the 

 woods without being considerably bronzed, while his fellow tribesman 

 who has remained at home, without being as white as a European, will 

 yet be fairer complexioned than most individuals of the Salish race in 

 the South. Evefi in the matter of beard, a notable difference is observ- 

 able, in as much as full beards, dark and coarse, heavy with hardly any 

 shaving, are by no means rare among the Babine sub-tribe, while the 

 rest of the Western Denes are remarkable for the scarcity, or sometimes 

 the total absence of facial hair." 



" If we now consider the Dene nation from a psychological standpoint, 

 the contrast between its divers branches will be still more startling. The 

 Northern Denes are generally pusillanimous, timid, and cowardly. Now 

 can this be said of the Apaches ? The Northern Denes, are, moreover, 



