A. M Verrill — Bermudian and West Indian Reef Corals. 81 



Maeandra areolata (Linii^). 



Madrcpora areolata (pans) Linn^, Syst., eel. x, p. 795, 1758. Pallas, Elench . 



Zooph., p. 295, 176G; ? Ellis and Sol, Nat. HLst. Zoijphytes, p. 161, pi. 



xlvii, figs. 4, 5, 1786. 

 Madrepora areola {pars) Linn^, Sys. Nat. ed. xii, p. 1274, 1767. Esper. 



Pflanz., i, pp. 76, 84, pi. v, figs. 1-4, young, worn ; and Madrepora mean- 



drites (pars), pi. iv, figs. 1, 2, adult, 1788. 

 Mceandra areola Oken, Lehr. Naturg., 1, p. 70, 1815. 

 Meandrina areolata Lam., Hist. Anim., ed. i, vol. ii, p. 247, 1816 {nan Linn^, 



ed. x). ? Lamonroux, Expos. Method., p. 55, pi. xlvii, fig. 5, 1821 (reprint of 



plate of Ellis and Sol.). 

 Manicina hispida + Manicina prcerupta 4- .^ Manicina manica Ehrenberg, Corall. 



Rothen Meeres, p. 336, 337 [102, 103] 1834 {non M. areolata, p. 103). 

 Manicina areolata Dana, Zooph. U. S. Expl. Exp., p. 191, pi. ix, fig. 3, 1846. 



Edw. and Haime, Corall., ii, p. 397, 1857. Verrill, Bull Mus. Comp. Zool., 



i, p. 48, 1864. Pourtalfes, Florida Reefs, Corals, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 



vii, pi. V, figs. 1-22, pi. vi, figs. 1-7, 1880. 

 Manicina ? dilafata + M. pr(srupta+ M. hispida Dana, Zooph. Expl. Exped., 



pp. 191-193, pi. ix, fig. 3, 1846. 

 Manicina strigilis + M. hispida + M. Danai+M. Valenciennesi Edw. and 



Haime, Hist. Corall., ii, pp. 399-401, 1857. 



Plate XI. Figures 1, 2. • Plate XII. Figures 1, 2, 3. 



This very common Florida and West Indian species does not 

 occur at the Bermudas.* 



It varies greatly in form and in the height, breadth, and form of 

 the actinal grooves and intervening ridges. These are generally 

 more or less I'egular infoldings while the coral is young, but in large 

 specimens they become forked and more or less convoluted, finally 

 assuming, in old specimens, the meandriniform arrangement. The 

 actinal grooves are, however, always much wider, deeper, and more 

 open than in either of the three preceding species. The septa are 

 generally strongly granulated or subhispid on the sides and I'oughly 

 denticulated on the edges, with a broad basal paliform lobe. It is 

 pedicellate when young, but usually becomes free when old. 



Some of the nominal species, quoted in the synonymy, were 

 based on beach-worn specimens, which look very unlike fresh ones. 



The name Madrejyora areolata was first applied by Linne (Syst., 

 ed, X, p. 795, 1758) chiefly to the East Indian coral now generally 

 known as Trachyphi/llia amarantum Edw. and Haime. Ehrenberg's 

 Manicina areolata was probably the same or a related species (^T. 



* The fossils mentioned by Nelson as belonging to this species were probably 

 Mycetophyllia (see p. 68, note). 



Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. XI. 6 October, 1901. 



