420 Verrill, IVotes on Radiata. 



branches, which part again at one or two inches from their origin ; 

 the secondary branches often subdividing irregularly two or three 

 times, but many remaining simple and two or three inches long. All 

 the branches are thick and rigid, and of nearly the same size with the 

 primary branches, mostly smallest at their origin, enlarging toward 

 the tips, which are bluntly rounded and often slight clavate. All the 

 branches bend outward at base, often nearly at a right angle, and 

 then curve upward with a broad curve and become sub-parallel. 

 Cells eight-rayed at the summit of large, elevated, rounded verrucse, 

 the rays separated by narrow but very distinct sunken grooves, which 

 extend over the summits and somewhat down the sides of the verrucae 

 in contraction. Verruca3 unequal, larger and smaller ones inter- 

 mingled, rather elevated, about as high as broad, somewhat crowded, 

 but uniformly arranged, mostly standing nearly at right angles to the 

 branch, then- surface covered with closely imbricated, slightly rough, 

 and rather regular fusiform spicula. Coenenchyma rather thick, cov- 

 ered with spicula similar to those of the verruca?. Axis black, com- 

 pi'essed somewhat at the axils, rigid and brittle at the ends. Color 

 deep brown. Height of largest specimen about 8 inches ; breadth 5 ; 

 diameter of branches '30 to 'B5 ; of verrucre "07 ; length of verrucoe "10. 



Spicula yellowish brown and reddish brown. Longer sjiindles long, 

 moderately stout, usually acute at each end, but sometimes with one 

 end blunt, often somewhat bent, covered closely with small spinules, 

 which on most parts are small, sharj), and conical, but on one side they 

 are usually more closely crowded, and take the form of low, rough, 

 lacerate warts. Stouter spindles usually stout-fusiform and rapidly 

 tapering to each end, covered on one side with small, crowded, rough 

 warts, on the other with conical spinules ; these like the others, are 

 frequently bent or irregular, and often one end is truncate or obtuse. 

 Small spicula of these two forms are numerous, some having conical, 

 often lobate spinules, others rough warts, not so crowded as in the 

 lai'ger ones. Other small spicula have the form of rough, warty 

 heads, with lobate warts ; others are quite small and irregular spicula 

 with large, subdivided warts ; some become club-shaped and rough, 

 others more slender, with scattered spinules. 



The longer spindles measure 2'00""" by -400, 1-90 by -365, 1-44 by 

 •243, 1-37 by "200, 1-29 by -213, 1-20 by -150, 1-14 by -228, 1-06 by 

 •187 ; the stouter ones 1-35 by -325, -912 by -248, -436 by -243 ; the 

 small irregular spicula -187 by -060 ; heads -137 by -121 ; clubs -187 

 by -105, -152 by '090. 



Panama, very rare, — F. II. Bradley. 



